Physics Ib Chapter 4 Notes

CSimple Harmonic head and swings Kinematics of simple harmonic execution Oscillation an effect expressible as a quantity that repeatedly and regularly fluctuates above and below a average value, as the pressure of an alternating new. Examples include Cycle building blocky round is defined as one complete rhythm of the pendulum (A-B-A) equipoise Position the position where the pendulum would be at rest when undisturbed (O) bounty (x0) uttermost displacement from sense of balance position (OB or OA) measured in metres. Time Period (T) the length of time to complete one cycle measured in seconds Frequency (f) the make sense of cycles the pendulum makes per unit time measured in 1/s or hertz (Hz) Angular frequency (? or 2? f) used when describing circular motion, or even an oscillation in the case of 2? equivalent to one cycle. Displacement the duration of an oscillating body from its central position or point of equilibrium at any given moment. Amplitude the absol ute value of the maximum displacement from a zero value during one period of an oscillation.Frequency the number of periods or regularly occurring events of any given kind in unit of time. This is usu bothy measured in one second. Period the time taken to complete one cycle of a regularly recurring phenomenon grade Difference Simple Harmonic Motion vibratory motion in a system in which the restoring force is comparative to the displacement from equilibrium. This is verbalized by the equation a = -? 2x Energy kinds during simple harmonic motion (SHM) Kinetic zilch = mv2 /2 and the authorisation ability at any point = total competency KE.Because no energy is lost when the total energy is a constant value, the energy when a body is active sees continual miscellaneas betwixt kinetic and potential energy. agonistic oscillations and resonance Damping The effect in which there is a loss of energy due to the friction in real oscillation. Examples of damping include Light dampi ng, captious damping, etc. Natural frequency of vibration Wave Characteristics Damping The effect in which there is a loss of energy due to the friction in real oscillation. Examples of damping include Light damping, critical damping, etc.Natural frequency of vibration Wave Properties Snells Law relates the angle of incidence to the angle of refraction to the ratio of the velocity of the wave in the different media, which is always equal. It is stated by break i = v1 __________________________________________________________________________ sin r = v2 Diffraction takes place when a wave passes through a small opening. If the op Doppler Effect The Doppler effect is where there is An change in the frequency of sound, light, or other waves as there is a change in the distance between the source and observer.The effect causes the sudden change in pitch noniceable in a passing siren, as well as the redshift seen by astronomers. Electrical Currents Electrical potential difference, cu rrent and resistence Electrical potential difference (Voltage) is the electric potential difference between two points or the difference in electric potential unit of a unit test blossom transported between two points. The electron volt is a unit of energy equal to approximately 1. 6? 10? 19 joule (J). It is the amount of energy gained by the charge of a single electron moved across an electric potential difference of one volt.Thus it is 1 volt (1 joule per coulomb, 1 J/C) multiplied by the electron charge (1e, or 1. 602176565(35)? 10? 19 C). Electric current is the flow of charge (i. e. the + of batteries is charged as it has higher(prenominal) PE and the current flows to -. The unit of current is the amp (A), a scalar quantity. Resistence is the measure at which charge current flow through a conducter is not much allowed. This normally depends on the conducters size and material. It is measured in ohm (? ). It is cogitate to the cross sectional area (A), length (L) and the mat erial and the constant of symmetry is called the resistivity (p).Hence R = pL/A Ohms virtue states that electric current is proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance in terms of flowing across and through it. If the potential difference across a t lighter director is V and the current flowing through it is I, hence according to Ohms law V=IR. Ohmic conductor behaviour is exhibit when graphing I against V of being a straight line Non-ohmic conductor behaviour is demonstrated when graphing I against V of not being a straight line. i. e. ight medulla filaments Electric circuits Electromotive force (emf) refers to voltage output generated by a bombardment or by the magnetic force which states that a time vary magnetic field will induce an electric current. Internal resistence is the resistence of that of all cells that are made from materials that have resistance. If such a cell was committed to a resistor, there is less energy to be converted to heat in t he resistor and the potential difference across it less then the cells emf. With Oh