Bucket List

Bucket tendency The Bucket List was an amazing movie it was a movie that showed two older manpower on a journey to find the meaning of bread and butter. Mr. Edward moolah a corporate billionaire and a scholarly mechanic Carter Chambers met in the infirmary because they both had Cancer. The time that they spent unitedly in the hospital did not only bring them great friendship but also together they found the joy and meaning of life.While sitting in the hospital together slowly dying from cancer they decided that they were not assemble to die and they still had a lot of things they wanted to do for themselves beforehand it was too late. So, they made a bucket list, and decided to escape the hospital and do everything that they always wanted to do. Carter Chambers was married to his dear wife, Virginia, for 45 years he had a happy marriage and a terrific family but, Mr. Chambers matte as if something was missing.He explained that for the lowest forty five years of his life were mostly dedicated to his family and wife, now he wants to fill time for himself and do the things he always wanted to do, but didnt get a chance to do. Even though his friend Edward Cole was a billionaire he also felt as if there was something missing reveal of his life, he had a lot of m one and only(a)y and many divorces, and a daughter that he has not spoken with, that didnt make him tonus like he had the true meaning to life.As a psyche approaches late adulthood, health problems are not just the issue, but problems regarding ones meaning of life. Both of these men felt unsatisfied or incomplete, with their overall feeling, they were both suffering from a terminal disease, and they both felt if they were going to die they wanted die knowing they got the best out of life, with no regrets, and lived life to the fullest. Both Edward and Carter where demonstrating Eriksons Last stage of development. His last stage is integrity vs. espair hoping that one will gain strength of lore so that individual will not be afraid of death. Erikson believes that a lot of life was preparing for the middle adult stage and the last stage is to recovering from it. When a person is older and is able to reevaluate their life with happiness, and feels finish with a deep sense of life and meaning is when that person is experiencing integrity. If a person is experiencing that they failed at life, and have no meaning to life this is when the person is displaying despair. They fear death because they have not got all out of life

Dubliners, Counterparts Essay

1. The main voice of the story is Farrington, an alcoholic who works as a clerk, and is bullied and verbally profaned by his boss, Mr. every(prenominal)eyne. Miss Delacour plays the role of a wealthy client. Mr. Shelley is the head clerk at Farringtons office. The characters Nosey Flynne, OHalloran, Callan, Paddy Leonard are the men whom Farrington sp abolishs his evens with, imbibition at pubs. Weathers is one of the untrieder men who meet with him at the pubs, in this story he take to task Farrington at develop w tranquilityling. Tom is Farringtons son who, at the end of the story, is beaten by his drunken father.2. He had done for himself in the office, pawned his watch, slip away all of his money and he had not even got drunk (95). Farringtons life sentence is repetitious, working as a clerk and producing copies all daylight long is the type of repetition that adds to his misery. Alcohol plays a key parting in his depression and is the highlight of his day, it is the reason for him to pawn his watch and spend his remains on alcohol. Similar to his repetitious life in the office, crapulenceing with his friends is a part of his daily routine as well. Every evening Farrington and his friends take turns buying rounds for each other, spending and consuming, again and again. Weathers is a character that plays a significant role in Farringtons fruition slightly how his routines and traditions do not benefit him, but instead harm him. separately of his problems follows him wherever he goes. For an example, he brought his problems with his boss, Mr. Alleyne, from work to the pub with him, and while he continued to drink, those problems only began to snowball and irritate him more. He also brought his problems ski binding into his home with him later that night, and took them out on his son by crush him. It is clear that Farrington is oblivious to his anger and does not know that the he makes icky choices. His work life is the same as his social li fe and his family life. on that point is not a part of his life can let him tick off away from from any other part because every aspect has the world power to make him very angry. By making bad choices such as pawning his watch, drinking excessively, and being rude to his boss, Farrington consistently continues to make life worse for himself.3. Farrington is an office clerk who is treated poorly by his boss. Upon having to complete a task at work, it becomes apparent that Farrington is a lazy alcoholic as he sneaks out of the office to get a quick drink and never finishes his job. Mr. Alleyne gets angry at Farrington, yells at him, and ends up embarrassing him in front of a Miss Delacour, which makes Farrington feel even more slimy. later on, Farrington pawns his watch in exchange for alcohol money, and goes out with his friends to the pub for the rest of the night. The more Farrington drinks, he becomes increasingly upset throughout the night, thinking astir(predicate) his l ifestyle and drinking habits. In the end, when he got home to a cool dinner and found that the fire to warm it had gone out, he scolded his young son Tom, who pleaded for mercy.4. The central conflict of the story is prevail combined with the abuse of alcohol. Throughout the story Farrington was feeling trapped and wished to escape that lonely and miserable feeling. He was very angry and he had given up on himself by slacking at work, pawning his watch, and spending all of his money. Farringtons realization these trapped feelings became apparent when the vote counter said, He had lost his reputation as a strong man, having been defeated twice by a unadulterated boy (95). The passage is explaining Farringtons feelings after Weathers defeated him in arm wrestling, and we learn that he ends up taking that anger out on his son. In the story the abuse of alcohol represents a lack of self- require and feeling of self worth that lead to violence. It turns out that the easy escape Farr ington had longed for would be impossible for the drunken man to achieve. Instead of escaping, he deceived himself by deceiving his family.5. Routine and the repetition are two themes present in this story. The narrator said, His body ached to do something, to rush out and revel in violence. All the indignities of his life enraged him (89).This passage explains the everyday repetitious life of Farrington, and how he needed to escape that kind of a lifestyle. These routines and repetitions have trapped him in a vicious cycle of irritation and violence. Routines have an effect on people often involved in many difficult dilemmas, and the routines of his life trap him from being able to have new encounters and new beginnings. These consequences of never breaking away from the same routines can also lead to desolation and unhappiness. In the story Counterparts, Farrington is able to show these results and brutality of a repetitive lifestyle.

Marketing Segmentation Essay

Market division is the process of dividing up a commercialise into practic on the wholey-or-less homogenous subsets for which it is possible to defecate assorted set propositions. At the give nonice of the process the gild sewer decide which surgical incision(s) it wants to serve. If it chooses, apiece segment raft be served with a distinguishable economic cherish proposition and managed in a different way. Market segmentation processes target be utilise during CPM for 2 main purposes. They stick out be employ to segment potential securities indus sieves to signalise which guests to acquire, and to cluster current clients with a view to offering differentiated treasure propositions supported by different kind vigilance st investgies. In this treatment well focus on the application of market place segmentation processes to expose which guests to acquire. What distinguishes market segmentation for this CRM purpose is its really spend a penny focus o n guest apprize. The end point of the process should be the identification of the foster potential of apiece identified segment. Companies get out want to put and target guests that tin aim profit in the early these will be those clients that the company and its net income ar better placed to serve and satisfy than their competitors. Market segmentation in many an other(prenominal) an(prenominal) companies is passing intuitive. The marketing team will give way profiles of guest groups found upon their insight and experience. This is then used to guide the learning of marketing strategies across the segments. In a CRM context, market segmentation is highly info mutualist. The entropy cleverness be fussd intern eithery or sourced extraneously. inborn data from marketing, gross sales and finance records be a good deal enhanced with supererogatory data from external sources such(prenominal) as marketing inquiry companies, collaborator organizations in the companys net maneuver and data specialists (see Figure 5.2 ).The market segmentation process drop be broken down into a fleet of steps1. identify the business you atomic number 18 in2. identify relevant segmentation variables3. analyse the market development these variables4. assess the cheer of the market segments5. select target market(s) to serve.Sales vaticination Slide 6 (p. 136-8)The second discipline that end be used for CPM is sales forecasting. ace study issue comm solo facing companies that conduct CPM is that the data easy for clustering guests takes a historical or, at best, present day view. The data identifies those customers who apply been, or presently ar, important for sales, profit or several(prenominal) separate(a) strategic reasons. If management believes the hereafter will be the equal as the past, this presents no problem. However, if the business environment is changeable, this does present a problem. Because CPMs goal is to ident ify those customers that will be strategically important in the future, sales forecasting can be a useful discipline. Sales forecasting, some pessimists argue, is a waste of time, because the business environment is rapidly changing and un prophesyable. Major man events such as terrorist attacks, war, drought and market-based changes, such as in the raw products from competitors or high visibility promotional campaigns, can make any sales forecasts invalid. there ar a number of sales forecasting techniques that can be applied, providing useful information for CPM. These techniques, which fall into troika major groups, ar appropriate for different circumstances. qualitative carcassscustomer surveyssales team sees time-series methods miserable averageexponential smoothingtime-series decomposition causal methodsleading indicatorsregression illustrations.qualitative methods ar probably the most widely used forecasting methods. customer surveys study consumers or purchasin g officers to give an opinion on what they atomic number 18 credibly to corrupt in the forecasting period. This makes esthesis when customers forward-plan their purchasing. data can be obtained by inserting a question into a customer rejoicing survey. For example, In the conterminous six months ar you likely to buy more, the homogeneous or less from us than in thecurrent period? And, If more, or less, what volume do you expect to buy from us? Sometimes, third society organizations such as industry associations or trans-industry groups such as the house of Commerce or the Institute of Directors collect data that indicate future buying intentions or proxies for intention, such as business confidence. Sales team guesss can be useful when salespeople have built contiguous alliances with their customers. A key bank bill management team might be rise placed to come several(prenominal) individual forecasts from the team membership. These can be averaged or weighted in s ome way that confers the estimators closeness to the customer.Account managers for Dyno Nobel, a supplier of commercial explosives for the mining and accomplishment industries, ar so close to their customers that they are able to forecast sales two to three years ahead. Operational CRM carcasss support the qualitative sales forecasting methods, in particular sales team estimates. The CRM system takes into account the value of the sale, the probability of closing the sale and the anticipated period to closure. many another(prenominal) CRM systems also relinquish management to adjust the estimates of their sales team members, to allow for overly optimistic or pessimistic salespeople. Time-series approaches take historical data and extrapolate them forward in a linear or curvilinear impulsion. This approach makes sense when in that location are historical sales data, and the presumption can be safely do that the future will reflect the past. The moving average method is th e simplest of these. This takes sales in a number of previous periods and averages them. The averaging process reduces or eliminates random variation. The moving average is computed on successive periods of data, moving on one period at a time, as in Figure 5.10 . Moving averages based on different periods can be calculated on historic data to generate an accurate method. A variation is to weight the more recent periods more heavily. The rationale is that more recent periods are better sooth secerners. In producingan estimate for year 2009 in Figure 5.10 , one could weight the previous quadruplet years sales performance by 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, and 0.1, respectively, to r individually an estimate. This would generate a forecast of 5461.This approach is called exponential smoothing. The decomposition method is applied when there is evidence of orbitual or seasonal patterns in the historical data. The method attempts to separate out quartette components of the time series trend factor,cyc lical factor, seasonal factor and random factor. The trend factor is the longterm direction of the trend aft(prenominal) the other three elements are removed. The cyclical factor represents symmetric long-term recurrent influences on sales seasonal influences primarily occur deep down annual cycles. It is sometimes possible to venture sales using leading indicators. A leading indicator is some contemporaneous exertion or event that indicates that another use or event will happen in the future. At a macro level, for example, housing starts are good forecasters of future sales of kitchen furniture. At a micro level, when a assent card customer calls into a contact centre to ask somewhat the current rate of interest, this is a strong indicator that the customer will switch to another supplier in the future. Regression models work by employing data on a number of predictor variables to estimate future petition. The variable organism predicted is called the dependent variable the variables being used as predictors are called independent variables. For example, if you wanted to predict demand for cars (the dependent variable) you might use data on population size, average expendable income, average car worth for the category being predicted and average furnish price (the independent variables). The regression equation can be tried and validated on historical data before being adopted. untested predictor variables can be substituted or added to see if they improve the truth of the forecast. This can be a useful approach for predicting demand from a segment. Activity-Based Costing Slide 7 (p. 138-40) node Acquisition be legal injury of TradeCustomer usefulness beWorking capital hailsActivity-based damageThe third discipline that is useful for CPM is activity-based cost. Many companies, particularly those in a B2B context, can trace revenues to customers. In a B2C environment, it is usually only possible to trace revenues to identifiable customer s if the company operates a billing system requiring customer details, or a membership scheme such as a customer club, store-card or a loyalty programme. In a B2B context, revenues can be tracked in the sales and accounts databases. Costs are an entirely different matter.Because the goal of CPM is to cluster customers according to their strategic value, it is coveted to be able to identify which customers are, or will be, gainful. Clearly, if a company is to understand customer profitability, it has to be able to trace be, as surface as revenues, to customers. Costs do vary from customer to customer. Some customers are really costly to acquire and serve, others are not. There can be piley variance across the customer base within several categories of cost customer acquisition cost some customers require considerable sales effort to move them from prospect to fi rst-time customer status more sales calls, visits to reference customer sites, free samples, engineering advice, g uarantees that switching costs will be met by the vendor terms of trade price discounts, advertising and promotion support, slotting allowances (cash paid to sellers for shelf space), extended invoice cod dates customer service costs handling queries, claims and complaints, demands on salespeople and contact centre, abase-ranking tack sizes, high order frequency, just-in-time delivery, part load shipments, breaking bulk for delivery to multiple sites working capital costs carrying inventory for the customer, cost of recognise. Traditional product-based or general ledger costing systems do not provide this type of detail, and do not enable companies to estimate customer profitability. Product costing systems track material, labour and energy costs to products, often comparing actual to standard costs. They do not, however, cover the customer-facing activities of marketing, sales and service. general ledger costing systems do track costs across all parts of the business, notwithstanding are normally too highly amount to free-base which customers or segments are responsible for generating those costs. Activity-based costing (first principle) is an approach to costing that splits costs into two groups volume-based costs and order-related costs. Volume based (product-related) costs are variable against the size of the order, however fixed per unit for any order and any customer. Material and direct labour costs are examples.Order-related (customer-related) costs vary according to the product and process requirements of each(prenominal) particular customer. hypothecate two retail customers, each purchasing the same volumes of product from a manufacturer. Customer 1 makes no product or process demands. The sales revenue is $5000 the gross margin for the vendor is $ hundred0. Customer 2 is a different story customizedproduct, special overprinted outer packaging, just-in-time delivery to three sites, furnish of point-of-sale material, sale or bear c onditions and discounted price. Not only that, only Customer 2 spends a lot of time agreeing these terms and conditions with a salesperson who has had to call three times before closing the sale. The sales revenue is $5000, but after accounting for product and process costs to meet the demands of this particular customer, the margin retained by the vendor is $250. opposite things being equal, Customer 1 is four times as valuable as Customer 2. Whereas conventional cost accounting practices report what was spent, alphabet reports what the money was spent doing. Whereas the conventional general ledger approach to costing identifies resource costs such as payroll, equipment and materials, the ABC approach shows what was being done when these costs were incurred. Figure 5.11 shows how an ABC view of costs in an insurance companys claims process department gives an entirely different picture to the traditional view.ABC gives the manager of the claims-processing department a much sop uper idea of which activities create cost. The next question from a CPM perspective is which customers create the activity? Put another way, which customers are the cost drivers? If you were to examine the activity cost item Analyse claims $121 000 , and descry that 80 per cent of the claims were made by drivers under the age of 20, youd have a clear understanding of the customer group that was creating that activity cost for the business. CRM inquires ABC because of its overriding goal of generating profitable relationships with customers. Unless there is a costing system in place to trace costs to customers, CRM will square off it very difficult to deliver on a promise of improved customer profitability. Overall, ABC serves customer portfolio management in a number of ways 1. when combined with revenue figures, it tells you the absolute and relative levels of profit generated by each customer, segment or cohort 2. it guides you towards actions that can be taken to return customers to profit 3. it helps prioritize and direct customer acquisition, retention and development strategies 4. it helps establish whether customization and other forms of value creation for customers pay off. ABC sometimes justifies managements confidence in the Pareto principle, otherwise known as the 8020 rule. This rule notifys that80 per cent of profits come from 20 per cent of customers. ABC tells you which customers fall into the important 20 per cent. Research more often than not supports the 80 0 rule. For example, one report from Coopers and Lybrand found that, in the retail industry, the binding 4 per cent of customers account for 29 per cent of profits, the next 26 per cent of customers account for 55 per cent of profits and the stay 70 per cent account for only 16 per cent of profits. sprightlinesstime Value Estimation Slide 8 (p. 141-2)The fourth discipline that can be used for CPM is customer lifetime value (LTV) estimation, which was first introduced in Chapte r 2. LTV is metrical by computing the present day value of all net margins (gross margins less cost-to-serve) earned from a relationship with a customer, segment or cohort. LTV estimates provide important insights that guide companies in their customer management strategies. Clearly, companies want to protect and ring-fence their relationships with customers, segments or cohorts that will generate significant amounts of profit. Sunil Gupta and Donald Lehmann suggest that customer lifetime value can be computed as follows performance of this figure reckons that you do not have to estimate customer tenure. As customer retention rate rises there is an automatic height in customer tenure, as shown in Table 2.2 in Chapter 2. This formula can be adjusted to consider change in twain future margins and retention rates either up or down, as described in Gupta and Lehmanns book Managing Customers as Investments. The table can be used to assess the impact of a number of customer managemen t strategies what would be the impact of reducing cost-toserve by shifting customers to cheap self-serve channels? What would be the result of cross-selling higher margin products? What would be the outcome of a loyalty programme designed to increase retention rate from 80 to 82 per cent? An important additional benefit of this LTV counting is that it enables you to estimate a companys value. For example, it has been computed that the LTV of the average US-based American Airlines customer is $166.94. American Airlines has 43.7 million such customers, yielding an estimated company value of $7.3 billion. Roland rust-brown and his co-researchers production lined that, given the absence of internationalpassengers and freight considerations from this computation, it was remarkably close to the companys market capitalization at the time their research was undertaken.Clustering (144) splay 9Clustering techniques are used to find naturally occurring groupings within a dataset. As appli ed to customer data, these techniques generally function as follows 1. each(prenominal) customer is allocated to just one group. The customer possesses attributes that are more closely associated with that group than any other group. 2. each group is relatively homogenous.3. The groups collectively are very different from each other. In other words, clustering techniques generally try to maximize twain within-group homogeneity and between-group heterogeneity. There are a number of clustering techniques, including stroller (classification and regression trees) and CHAID (chi-square automatic interaction detection).7 Once statistically homogenous clusters have been formed they need to be interpreted. CRM strategists are often interested in the future behaviours of a customer segment, cohort or individual. Customers potential value is determined by their propensity to buy products in the future. Data miners can build predictive models by examining patterns and relationships within historic data. Predictive models can be generated to identify 1. Which customer, segment or cohort is most likely to buy a given product? 2. Which customers are likely to inadvertence on payment?3. Which customers are most likely to defect (churn)?Data analysts scour historic data looking for predictor and outcome variables. so a model is built and validated on these historic data. When the model seems to work well on the historic data, it is run on contemporary data, where the predictor data are known but the outcome data are not. This is known as scoring . Scores are answers to questions such as the propensity-to-buy, default and churn questions listed above. Predictive modelling is based on three assumptions, each of which whitethorn be true to a greater or lesser extent 1. The past is a good predictor of the future BUT this may not be true. Sales of many products are cyclical or seasonal.Others have fashion or hysteria lifecycles. 2. The data are available BUT this may n ot be true. Data used to train the model may no all-night be collected. Data may be too costly to collect, or may be in the wrong format. 3. Customer-related databases contain what you want to predict BUT this may not be true. The data may not be available. If you want to predict which customers are most likely to buy mortgage protection insurance, and you only have data on life policies, you will not be able to answer the question. Two tools that are used for predicting future behaviours are conclusiveness trees and neural networks. Decision trees (145) seashore 9Decision trees are so called because the in writing(p) model railroad siding has the appearance of a branch structure. Decision trees work by analyzing a dataset to find the independent variable that, when used to split the population, results in nodes that are most different from each other with respect to the variable you are tying to predict. Figure 5.12 contains a set of data about fin customers and their credi t insecurity of exposure profile.We want to use the data in four of the fi ve columns to predict the risk rating in the fifth column. A decision tree can be constructed for this purpose. In decision tree depth psychology, venture is in the dependent column. This is also known as the target variable. The other four columns are independent columns. It is unlikely that the customers fix is a predictor of Risk, so we will use the three other pieces of data as independent variables debt, income and marital status. In the example, each of these is a simple categorical item, each of which only has two possible value (high or low yes or no). The data from Figure 5.12 are equal in a different form in Figure 5.13 , in a way which lets you see which independent variable is best at predicting risk. As you examine the data, you will see that the best split is income (four instances highlighted in bold on the diagonal two high income/good risk plus two low income/poor risk). Debt and marit al status each score three on their diagonals. Once a node is split, the same process is performed on each successive node, either until no however splits are possible or until you have reached a managerially useful model.The graphical output of this decision tree summary is shown in Figure 5.14 .Each thump is a node. Nodes are linked by branches. The top node is the root node. The data from the root node is split into two groups based on income. The right-hand, low income box, does not split any gain because some(prenominal) low income customers are classified as poor credit risks. The left-hand, high-income box does split further, into married and not married customers. Neither of these split further because the one unmarried customer is a poor credit risk and the two remaining married customers are good credit risks.As a result of this process the company knows that customers who have the lowestern hemisphere credit risk will be high income and married. They will also note t hat debt, one of the variables inserted into the training model, did not perform well. It is not a predictor of creditworthiness. Decision trees that work with categorical data such as these are known as classification trees. When decision trees are applied to persisting data they are known as regression trees. neuronal Networks (147) coast 9Neural networks are another way of fitting a model to existing data for prediction purposes. The expression neural network has its origins in the work of machine learning and artificial intelligence. Researchers in this survey have tried to learn from the natural neural networks of living creatures. Neural networks can produce excellent predictions from large and complex datasets containing hundreds of interactive predictor variables, but the neural networks are neither easy to understand nor guileless to use. Neural networks represent complex mathematical equations, with many summations, exponential functions and parameters. equal decisi on trees and clustering techniques, neural networks need to be trained to disclose patterns on sample datasets. Once trained, they can be used to predict customer behaviour from new data. They work well when there are many potential predictor variables, some of which are redundant.Case 5.2 Customer portfolio management at TescoTesco, the largest and most successful supermarket chain in the UK, has developed a CRM strategy that is the envy of many of its competitors. Principally a food retailer in a mature market that has grown junior-grade in thelast 20 years, Tesco realized that the only route to appendage was taking market share from competitors. Consequently, the development of a CRM strategy was seen as imperative.In developing its CRM strategy, Tesco first analysed its customer base. It found that the top 100 customers were worth the same as the commode 4000. It also found that the bottom 25 per cent of customers represented only 2 per cent of sales, and that the top 5 pe r cent of customers were responsible for 20 per cent of sales.The results of this analysis were used to segment Tescos customers and to develop its successful loyalty programmes.SWOT and PESTE (p. 154-5) sailplaning 10SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. SWOT analysis explores the internal environment (S and W) and the external environment (O and T) of a strategic business unit. The internal (SW) audit looks for strengths and weaknesses in the business functions of sales, marketing, manufacturing or operations, finance and people management. It then looks cross-functionally for strengths and weaknesses in, for example, cross-functional processes (such as new product development) and organizational culture. The external (OT) audit analyses the macro- and micro-environments in which the customer operates. The macro-environment includes a number of broad conditions that might impact on a company. These conditions are identified by a PESTE analysis. PESTE is an acronym for political, economic, loving, technological and environmental conditions.An analysis would try to pick out major conditions that impact on a business, as illustrated below political environment demand for international air work contracted as worldwide political stability was cut back after September 11, 2001 economic environment demand for mortgages falls when the economy enters recession. social environment as a population ages, demand for healthcare and residential homes increase technological environment as more households become owners of computers, demand for Internet banking increases environmental conditions as customers becomemore concerned about environmental quality, demand for more energy efficient products increases. The micro environmental part of the external (OT) audit examines relationships between a company and its neighboring(a) external stakeholders customers, suppliers, business partners and investors. A CRM-oriented SWOT analysis would be distinct for customers or potential customers that emerge well from the analysis. These would be customers that 1. possess relevant strengths to exploit the opportunities open to them 2. are overcoming weaknesses by partnering with other organizations to take favour of opportunities 3. are investing in turning around the company to exploit the opportunities 4. are responding to external threats in their current markets by exploiting their strengths for diversification.Five effectivenesssThe volt-forces analysis was developed by Michael Porter. 17 He claimed that the profitability of an industry, as measured by its return on capital employed relative to its cost of capital, was determined by five sources of competitive pressure. These five sources include three horizontal and two vertical conditions.The horizontal conditions arecontention within the established businesses in the marketcompetition from potential new entrantscompetition from potential substitutes.The verti cal conditions reflect supply and demand chain considerations the dicker power of buyersthe bargaining power of suppliers.Porters basic predate is that competitors in an industry will be more profitable if these five conditions are benign. For example, if buyers are very powerful, they can demand high levels of service and low prices, thus negatively influencing the profitability of the supplier. However, if barriers to entry are high, say because of large capital requirements or dominance of the market by very powerful brands, then current players will be relatively resistive from new entrants and enjoy the possibility of better profits. Why would a CRM-strategist be interested in a five-forces evaluation of customers? Fundamentally, a financially intelligent customer offers better potential for a supplier than a customer in financialdistress. The analysis points to different CRM solutions 1. Customers in a profitable industry are more likely to be stable for the near-term, and are better placed to invest in opportunities for the future. They and then have stronger value potential. These are customers with whom a supplier would want to build an exclusive and well-protected relationship. 2. Customers in a stressed industry might be looking for reduced cost inputs from its suppliers, or for other ways that they can add value to their offer to their own customers. A CRM-oriented supplier would be trying to find ways to serve this customer more effectively, perhaps by find out elements of the value proposition that are not critical, or by adding elements that enable the customer to compete more strongly.Strategically Significant Customers (157) slide 11The goal of this entire analytical process is to cluster customers into groups so that differentiated value propositions and relationship management strategies can be applied. mavin outcome will be the identification of customers that will be strategically significant for the companys future. We call these st rategically significant customers (SSCs). There are several classes of SSC, as follows 1. High future lifetime value customers these customers will contribute significantly to the companys profitability in the future. 2. High volume customers these customers might not generate much profit, but they are strategically significant because of their absorption of fixed costs, and the economies of scale they generate to keep unit costs low. 3. Benchmark customers these are customers that other customers follow. For example, Nippon Conlux supplies the computer hardware and software for Coca Colas vending operation. While they might not make much margin from that relationship, it has allowed them to gain bother to many other markets. If we are good lavish for Coke, we are good enough for you , is the implied promise. Some IT companies create reference sites at some of their more demanding customers. 4. Inspirations these are customers who bring about improvement in the suppliers b usiness. They may identify new applications for a product, product improvements, or opportunities for cost reductions. They may complain loudly and make unreasonable demands, but in doing so, force change for the better. 5. Dooropeners these are customers that allow the supplier to gain access to a new market. This may be done for no sign profit, but with a view to proving credentials for further expansion. This may be particularly important if crossing cultural boundaries, say between west and east. One company, a Scandinavian processor of timber, has identified five major customer groups that are strategically significant, as in Figure 5.22 .The seven-spot Core Customer Management Strategies (158-9) slide 12This sort of analysis pays off when it helps companies develop and implement differentiated CRM strategies for clusters of customers in the portfolio. There are several core customer management strategies 1. Protect the relationship this makes sense when the customer is st rategically significant and attractive to competitors. We discuss the creation of divergence barriers in our review of customer retention strategies in Chapter 9.2. Re-engineer the relationship in this case, the customer is currently unprofitable or less profitable than desired. However, the customer could be converted to profit if costs were trimmed from the relationship. This might mean reducing or automating service levels, or servicing customers through lower cost channels. In the banking industry, transaction processing costs, as a multiple of online processing costs are as follows. If Internet transaction processing has a unit cost of 1, an in-bank teller transaction costs great hundred units, an ATM transaction costs 40, telephone costs 30 and PC banking costs 20. In other words, it is 120 times more costly to conduct an in-bank transaction than the identical online transaction. Cost-reduction programmes have motivated banks to migrate their customers, or at least some se gments of customers, to other lower cost channels. An Australian electricity company has found that its average annual margin per customer is $60. It costs $13 to serve a customer who pays by credit card, but only 64 cents to service a direct calculate customer. Each customer moved to the lower cost channel therefore produces a transaction cost saving of more than $12, which increases the average customer value by 20 per cent.Re-engineering a relationship requires a clear understanding of the activities that create costs in the relationship (see Case 5.3). 3. upgrade the relationship likethe strategy above, the goal is to migrate the customer up the value ladder. In this case it is done not by re-engineering the relationship, but by increasing your share of customer spend on the category, and by identifying up-selling and cross-selling opportunities. 4. Harvest the relationship when your share of wallet is stable, and you do not want to invest more resources in customer developm ent, you may feel that the customer has reached maximum value. Under these conditions you may wish to harvest, that is, optimize cash stream from the customer with a view to using the cash generated to develop other customers. This may be particularly appealing if the customer is in a declining market, has a high cost-to-serve or has a high propensity-to-switch to competitors. 5. End the relationship waiver customers is generally anathema to sales and marketing people. However, when the customer shows no sign of making a significant contribution in the future it may be the best option.You can read about strategies for sacking customers in Chapter 9. 6. Win back the customer sometimes customers take some or all of their business to other suppliers. If they are not strategically signifi cant, it may make sense to let them go. However, when the customer is important, you may need to develop and implement win back strategies. The starting point essential be to understand why they t ook their business away. 7. Start a relationship youve identified a prospect as having potential strategic moment for the future. You need to develop an acquisition plan to recruit the customer onto the value ladder. You can read about customer acquisition strategies in Chapter 8.

Rejecting Barbie: Beyond a Perfect Size Six

Barbie Doll by bound Piercy explores the emotional pressure sensation on wo men ca employ by societys ideals of feminine beauty. The rime is given a title after the well-loved doll from Mattel to show the type of f extinguishures expected of a female child in couch that she is considered fair. The otherwise strengths of the little little girlfriend in the poem argon ignored in favor of physical attributes. Comparing women to what is considered a physical model of what is beautiful loafer destroy the individuality and self-worth of different types of beauty, including beauty that transcends the physical. fine girls ar expected to piddle with dolls.The girl in the poem is said to be born as usual (Piercy channel 1) and presented dolls that did pee-pee (Piercy line 2). She is both emotionally very(prenominal) feminine that she chooses what other little girls would play with, or she has been brought up in such a focusing that she is molded into the common little girl. Everything is fine with the girl she plays with what other little girls play with and wears throw lipsticks the color of cherry butt jointdy (Piercy line 4). Little children are similarly innocent to point surface differences that only the brainwashed Barbie-loving society rout out tell.Robert Perrin believes that the ceremonial contourality of presented, juxtaposed with the euphemistic word pee-pee (Perrin 83) make to the poems meaning. It begins the poems use of irony, although in somewhatwhat way it is very feminine to be formal with some course and yet to refuse using other words which are considered to be too vulgar for a lady to say, like to urinate. So far, the briny character is doing well as the society expects her. Puberty changes the little girls tush in the societys favor.She whitethorn find healthy appetites and a keen intellect (Piercy lines 7-9), but she often feels the charter to apologize for her facial features and weight (Piercy lines 10-11) that do not meet the standards of a beautiful young fair sex in the eyes of society. In fact, it is very difficult to attain the standards of a life-sized Barbie equivalent proportionally she result be slightly five feet and six inches tall, is 110 pounds, wears sized heptad clothes and measures a top-heavy 39-18-33 (duCille 9). To add to the young girls pressure, she does not possess the beautiful face and thin body of what is considered the bonny exquisite girl.Her other, wear out, qualities are not up to now given the appreciation they deserve, even though she is basically a normal girl with something minor lacking, match to society (Frisk). For a young girl who is still seeking her place in the world, this is devastating. While she keeps on apologizing for her flaws, the poem seems to apologize by besides occasionally mentioning her good characteristics. Other race try to change the girl into something that she is not. She is being transformed to become someone who is suppos ititiously a better person.She was advised to play coy, /exhorted to come on hearty, / exercise, diet, smile and wheedle (Piercy lines 12-14). The changes are to be made on her physical features and also on her personality. This is to evolve the stereotypical female she not only looks good, she also has to be get under ones skin in a certain manner, like baking cookies for her children so that they piss something to eat when they arrive home (Schimone 79). This is the type of woman that the girls so called advisers want her to be a charming woman with a speedy smile but who does not act vulgar instead, she must play coy or act shy.The poet, Marge Piercy, on the other hand, believes that it wasnt good enough for women to keep making the coffee and running the mimeo machines while the men were off on power trips on system and leadership (Altman 6). Women must not be expected to fit into a mold. Instead, each womans individuality must be accepted and appreciated. Then, we are agai n introduced to irony, because compared to the impossibly proportioned Barbie doll, the girl is more capable of an keen conversation and a warm welcome. She is flesh and blood, while Barbie is an inanimate doll. Yet, the latter(prenominal) seems to garner more approval from society.It is indeed enough pressure to urge a young girl to the edge. Other girls who have the same pressure develop illnesses like eating disorders. The unnamed girl in the poem develops depression as a result of hopelessness. This is evident in the line Her good nature wore out/ like a fan sing (Piercy lines 15-16). This is the point at which the poem turns into a darker territory. The particular simile is utilise because when a fan belt does wear out, in that location is no way to move forward. This means that the girl has become so hopeless almost her situation that she has decided to do something drastic.So she interrupt off her nozzle and her legs/ and offered them up (Piercy lines 17-18). These ar e lines that are so graphic and setbacking that some readers interpret it as plastic surgery to somewhat decrease the shock of someone cutting herself. Some scholars, however, believe that the literal meaning is true because it is a logical precedent to the last stanza, where the poet talks about her funeral. Perrin believes that the girl does the cutting ceremonially (Perrin 84), implying that she has done the cutting herself, and this is no plastic surgery. otiose to live up to the standards set by the dolls she is given, the children with whom she plays and the adults who urge her to diet, a girl-child sets out to fix her big nose and fat legs permanently (duCille 8). Ann duCille focuses on the girls depression and ultimately, insanity, which enables her to harm herself for the sake of an ideal image that she is unable(p) to reach. So the author, in a bitter, bitter touch of grotesque comedy, has her cut them off (Frisk). Phillip Frisk also cerebrates that the cutting is lite ral, and a technique used by the poet to emphasize the magnitude of the girls despair.He thinks it is a form of grotesque comedy because the action is too extreme and disturbing. The act may be desperate but a plastic surgery may be dubbed as desperate as well. Either interpretation result emphasize the depths that the girls self-esteem has sunk into. The self-mutilation, however, is more unbalance and is an extreme illustration of what breaking a girls self-worth can do. In the casket displayed on satin she lay/ with the undertakers cosmetics multicoloured on/ a turned up putty nose (Piercy lines 19-21). Again, there are different conniptions on the preceding lines.It may still be interpreted that the girl has undergone plastic surgery and has ended up with a putty nose or a nose that has been molded to the conformity desired. However, yet again, the death is a logical consequence to violent self-mutilation, the literal interpretation of the girl cutting herself. The closing s tanza presents an artificially serene view of the girl prepared by the undertaker with makeup, reconstructed nose, and a pink-and-white scrubs (Perrin 84). Perrin says that it is the undertaker that prepares the girls face for her funeral.The nose must be fixed so that it can at least be respectable when the girl is viewed in her casket by the mourners. Immobile, the girl is subjected to ministrations that are supposed to make her fit to be seen. She has become a Barbie doll robed and made up to be aesthetically pleasing. Doesnt she look pretty? Everyone said/ Consummation at last (Piercy lines 23-24). Finally, the girl achieves the compliments that she has everlastingly wanted to hear. It is ironic, and unfortunate, that this has not happened during her lifetime but happens instead during her funeral.According to Perrin, the onlookers comment on the dead girl provides a more disturbing scenario (Perrin 84). He reaping by criticizing the insensitivity and ultimate cruelty of a society that encourages pattern behaviors, that fails to recognize the innate treasures people possess, that creates artificial demands, and that perpetuates unhealthy expectations (Perrin 84). They have learned to appreciate the girl when she is dead and made up by the undertaker. It seems that they too believe that the girl is better off dead and pretty, than unpatterned but healthy and alive.This is a self-absorbed society focused on what they believe a woman should be. The woman itself is not asked if she is still soothing about the expectations and pressures attached to her very own femininity. She has to wait for other people to affirm her beauty and not make her own mind about what real beauty is all about. To every woman, a happy final result (Piercy line 25). The poem ends in irony. It is difficult to believe that dying through with(predicate) self-mutilation can gather such a comment. The people seem to be unsym course of instructionetic.Instead, they think that t he girl has gotten what she has always wanted. They do not stop to think that when the girl is still living, she would have wanted to feel more at ease with herself, with who she really is, rather than constantly try to please other people. She does get her peace, at last, but it has to be this tragic. Barbie Doll by Marge Piercy is a reminder of the dangers of comparing women to idealized versions of the perfect woman and the value of appreciating a womans worth beyond her physical form.A woman is not just a body, but a complete collect of the physical, emotional and intellectual. On the other hand, the Barbie doll figure may be attractive to some, but it is after all, only a doll. Women may have to endure dangerous physical alterations in order to follow this ideal. Therefore, it can be concluded that a woman is not an object for men to enjoy watching, but she is her own person who can choose the path she wants to take. Works Cited Altman, Meryl. Lives on the Line. The Womens Re view of Books, Vol. 19, no. 7 (April 2002) 6-7. duCille, Ann.Review Little Big Woman. The Womens Review of Books, Vol. 11, none 3 (November 1993) 7-9. Frisk, Phillip. Teaching Notes Barbie Doll. stem Teacher (Winter 1991). Perrin, Robert. Barbie Doll and G. I. Joe Exploring Issues of Gender. The English Journal, Vol. 88, no. 3 (January 1999) 83-85. Piercy, Marge. Barbie Doll. 22 November 2007 . Schimone, Anthony J. At Home with Poetry Constructing Poetry Anthologies in the High School. The English Journal, Vol. 89, No. 2 (November 1999) 78-82.

‘Brave New World(BNW) by Aldous Huxley and ‘Bladerunner’ (BR) by Ridley Scott Comparison

It arouse be seen that both composers were firmly influenced by their own contexts as both texts present a sensibly critical view of the society in which they were produced.For example, the novel BNW was composed during a time of scientific and proficient advancement, in a world where communist powers were on the rise, and with the influence of growing trends in industrialization and consumerism, Huxley was concerned with his societys leave out of morals and exploitation of nature during the twenties. By translating his fears into a satiric reassessment of his 1920s society, Huxley created a dystopian portrait of society in the future that was superficially a perfect world. This was his attempt to show his audience (the intellectuals of his time) his fears of the present, while simultaneously providing a warning of what the future may bring.In effect, Huxley deliberately gift the ideal futuristic society with features likely to alienate his audience, making the put up New h umanity an unsettling, sinister mall where nature has been marginalized and inhering rhythms much(prenominal) as child birth have been replaced with substitutes and surrogates. The setting of the novel direct accentuates the harsh reality of the world state in the opening paragraphs when the reader is confronted with a squat grey building where the cash machine is as cold for all the spend beyond its panes, emphasizing the coldness, paleness and clinical nature of the Central capital of the United Kingdom Hatchery and Conditioning Centre, and allowing Huxley to successfully portray a world in which acquaintance has superseded nature.Secondly, BR was created in the 1980s, a time where technological advances had become more(prenominal) than immediate in every day life, and people were becoming more aw are of environmental degradation as a result of sympathetic destruction, consequently leading to the general fear that technology was taking over to the detriment of humanity. These issues were of great concern to Ridley Scott, and thus through the medium of film, he portrays a post- modern apocalyptic, dystopian world, in which ecological systems have been replaced by technological constructs, and the future is depicted as a chaotic place with a distinct lack of the natural world and its humane values. His labor was an attempt to warn his society that if certain trends were to continue, humans have the electromotive force to destroy what they value most, being humanity and the natural world.Dramatized by Scott in the opening scene, the wide-angled camera shot gives a birds eye vantage of what country has become in the future a vast industrial metropolis, constellate with grand chimney like exhaust outlets from which fireballs explode, as if to resemble in a way hell on Earth. Furthermore, the citys streets are bleak of natural elements such(prenominal) as sunlight due(p) to pollution, and in Gafs manner of speaking the little people, are basked i n the flickering of neon lights, as huge neon advertisements dominate the city landscape.The urban jungle of Los Angeles 2019 combined with the integrating of other techniques and genres such as film noir and wisdom fiction enables Scott to effectively create a world of environmental degradation and in maturate warn people that the apocalyptic world depicted may non be far from reality in the near future if trends continue. twain texts share the same tragic flaw, being humanities detachment from the natural world. Thus both seek to demonstrate the effects scientific and technological advancement may have on the natural world and its rhythms in the future.In order to demonstrate the extent to which nature has been superseded by science in BNW, Huxley overwhelms the reader with scientific processes and names, communicated through the use of complex, pseudo-scientific jargon such as the bokanovskys Process, or Podsnaps Technique, giving the processes in the Brave New World an auth entic ring. The application of science to replace natural rhythms such as childbirthThe distinct lack of the nature in the film BR is demonstrated through the absence of real animals in the film due to their rarity and price, with artificial animals taking their place eg. Zhoras snake. Also quite ironically the only element of plant life that appears in the film is a small, stunted bonsai, symbolizing the extent to which nature has been stunted by technology. Finally, the elusiveness of nighttime and day displays the disruption technology has made to the worlds natural rhythms, demonstrated by Scott through the use of film noir to create a smoky, hazy atmosphere irrespective of the time of day throughout the entirety of the film.The characters in each text are also used to emphasize the composers concepts. For example It can be seen that Humans, as depicted in BNW and BR are often lacking the qualities that seem fundamental to being human, and thus kick upstairs the responder to q uestion what it really means to be human.

Impact of Portuguese Estado Da India

MANSABDARI SYSTEM IN MUGHAL DYNASTY Mansab was the generic stipulation for the force type grading of all imperial officials of the Mughal imperium. The mansabdars governed the empire and commanded its armies in the emperors name. The term is derived from Mansab, involveing absolute. Hence,Mansabdari literally means come out- toter. Basically,the mansabdar frame was borrowed from Persia. It was habitual during the reign of Babur and Humayun. Mansabdar was a title employ in the armed work of the Mughal empire.The term is derived from Mansab, standing for glaring,mansabdar literally means a range holder in array. A mansabdar was engaged in the service of the state and was compel to render service. The mansabdars kneaded a host aristocracy which proved an admirable instant in the organization of Chengiz and Timur. The mansab meant lay. Different sub dues which could be shared out by ten were use for be officers. It was alike meant for fixing the salaries and allowanc es of officers.Since,the mansabdars of the mughal empire get their pay either in cash(naqd) or in the form of assignments of areas of land(jagir) from which they were entitled to collect the land revenue and all different taxes okay by the emperor,the mansabdar governing body was as well an integrated part of the agrarian and the jagirdari system of rules. This system introduced by Akbar . It was a unique feature of the administrative system of the Mughal Empire. The term mansab (i. e. officer,position, come out)in the mughal administrative indicated the rank of its holder(mansabdar) in the official hierarchy. It was of central Asian origin.According to angiotensin converting enzyme view Babur brought it to North India. DEVELOPMENT OF MANSABDARI SYSTEM- During the reign of Akbar, the lowest rank was that of payoff ten and the highest was that of twelve gee. The mansab above cardinal curtilage and later on that of seven thousand was tending(p) that to princes of royal bl ood. Jahangir and Shahjahan awarded mansab to their officers upto the physique only three thousand while royal princes were given mansabs upto the offspring of cardinal thousand. Akbar introduced the mansabdari system in the mughal army which primarily meant the ranking of officers on denary system.Mansabdari system was the novelty of army organisation of the mughals. It was introduced by Akbar and was kept as it was with minor changes upto the reign of Aurangzeb. The later mughals gave mansabs upto number of fifty thousand. All officers under the rank of the mansab of quintuple hundred were called mansabdars,the officers enjoying the mansab from phoebe bird hundred to dickens thousand tailfin hundred were called amir-i-azam and amir- i-umda. Some historians described,that the mansabdars were required to make soldiers equivalent to the number of rank awarded to them.Classification of mansab which has been highlighted with chengiz khan who had divided his army 10-myriad. I n this matter all thing can non be said how mevery horsemen were kept by any mansab,because Jama was macrocosm exaggrated. When state got information about the situation of the agriculture and economy. Akbar took stopping point to control the situation which was quite diametrical from indite statements in the office. The chief(prenominal) motto behind this was to implement dagh system. It means every mansabdar had to got registered his documents for face.Number of horses and their quality was go over and those who was not able to fulfill the criteria they were punished. According to badauni,who was also mansabdar of twenty rank. front mansab was given mansab of 20. So that he could serve the palace tally to the situation. Aamir foreign dagh system and they were not ready for special sign which had been given to their horses. During dagh system create small aamir had taken power in their hand. Sometimes they used it to disturb reputted aamir, some shahi diwans who adopted hard ways due to this uplift happened in Bengal and Bihar in 1580 for which Akbar tried to remove this.Day by day dagh system was going to strict that mansabdars did not keep actual number of horsemen during any ocassion of the demonstration they took horses of others and did the formality. In many respects,the basic features were first show by Moreland and Abdul Aziz but their views have been greatly refined and often substantially revised by M. Athar Ali and Irfan Habib. Mansabdari which had been brought by Mughals was unique system. By and large, it has been here,mansab was the rank by which a man used to get honour in his salary for promotion.He was a appointed in administrative service or in the Kings court. Given mansab to aamir was pay to 10 to 5000. Although mansab intelligence activity was used for all the mansabdars. Below cat valium all the persons were said mansabdars. It was fictive that time it is a system in which you have to promote yourself on the basis of yo ur talent and wisdom. From 500 to 10000 mansab was reserved for shahi family but Akbar gave this mansab to his sexual relation mansingh and brother Mirza Aziz Koka. There were tthirty-three grades of mansab ranging from commanders of 10 to commanders of 10000.Till the middle of Akbars reign , the highest rank an ordinary officer hold was that of a commanders of 5000 the more(prenominal) enalted grades between commanders of 7000 and 10000 were reserved for the royal princes. During the period following the reign of Akbar, the grades were increased upto 20000 or even more. There was no distinction between civil and military parts, officers both civil and military held mansabs and were liable to be transferred from one tell of the administration to another. Each mansabdars were expected to have got prescribed number of horses,elephants,equipments etc fit in to his rank and dignity.Senior mansabdar were awarded a jagir(personal fief) rather than a salary. The mansab was not heredit ary and it mechanically lapsed after the demise or dismissal of the mansabdars. Khwandamir tells us that at the command of the emperor Hindu has the salaries of the military personnel and also the grades(maratib) of the he Imperial servants. The salaries of mansabdars were resolved according to their mansabs,while the rates for their troopers were sanctioned separately. Moreover the mansabdars were to maintain a separate stable of animals (elephants and horses) their own according to their mansabs.Akbar organized the grandness and his army by means of the mansabdari system. The ranks normally given to top officers and nobles were set from 10 to 5000 later raised to 7000. But the credit going it an institutional framework goes to Akbar who made it the basis of Mughal military organization and civil administration. The mansabdars organise the ruling group in the Mughal Empire. Consequently,the numerical strength of the mansabdars and their composition during different periods mat erially influenced not only politics and administration but also the economy of the Empire.ZAT AND SAWAR-The mansabdars were differentiated by the Zat and Sawar rank. Mansabdar had a zat or personal ranking and a sawar or a troop ranking. The mansabdars belonged both to the civil and military departments. They were transferred from the civil side to the military departments. They were transferred from the the civil side to the military department and vice versa. The mughal mansab was dual , represented by one designated zat(personal rank) and the other sawar(cavalry rank). In Akbars reign the mansabs ranged from command of 10 to 5000 troops.Subsequently, the highest mansabs were raised from 10000 to 12000 but there was no fixed number of mansabdars. During the reign of Akbar ,introduced the rank of zat and sawar in the mansabdari system was that ,every mansabdar was given the rank of sawar as well as that of zat. A mansabdar was paid rupees two per horse. In his period,the mansabdar were asked to keep as many horsemen as were indicated by numbers of their ranks of sawar. Every grade of his mansabdars holding the rank of five thousand or below it were divided into three categories.If a mansabdar had satisfactory ranks zat and sawar ,he was of first category among his grade of mansabdar . i. e. if a mansabdar enjoyed the rank of five thousand zat and five thousand sawar then he was of the first category among the mansabdars of five thousand. If a mansabdar had the rank of sawar light than the rank of zat but not lower than half of it then he belonged to the second category. i. e. if a mansabdar enjoyed the rank of five thousand zat and three thousand or two hundred and five hundred sawar then he belonged to the second category among the mansabdars of five thousand.And lastly, if a mansabdar enjoyed the rank of sawar which was less the half of his rank of zat then he belonged to the troika category among his grade of mansabdars. A separate department was organ ized for the point of horses and elephants is called Dagh-Mahali. Akbar , of course deserved credit for imploring the army- organization of the Mughals. Akbars death mansab was explained in two numerical representativesthe first zat indomitable the holders personal pay and the status in the hierarchy ,the second sawar indicated the number of horsemen to be maintained by the holder and set the amount sanctioned to cover their pay.Akbar introduced the sawar rank in his 11th regnal year (1566-67). Mansab as a single rank is further supported by the Tabaqats different way of expressing mansabs in terms of numbers of troopers(sawars or naukars). The sawars were distinguised in two disciplinees- sih-aspa du aspa and barawardis. Irfan Habib to bring out the significance under Akbar of the term barawardis , as a pre-dagh uniform payment per unit of sawar rank ,which was intented to be queue uped after the dagh. Ain that clearly defines the term barawardi and implies that the final salar y was fixed on the basis of the contingent of troopers actually brought to the brand(dagh).The pay sanctioned after dagh was determined by such(prenominal) factors as the number of horses mustered along with the troopers and the breed of horses. In other words, the 18-19 regnal years, we shows that- a. A single number was awarded as mansab. b. Each mansab indicated as per schedule ,a item amount of periodical personal pay for the mansab-holder. c. Against severally mansab,its holder was called upon to maintain different numbers of war and transport ,for which he was paid supererogatory allowances at detailed rates laid vote down in official schedules. d. The mansab- holder was called upon to maintain horsemen equal to the number of the mansab. . An access payment for the mansab was made at a rate called bar-awardi. Its the balance of rise payment was made or at any rate became due after the contingent of the mansabdar was actually presented for inspection and brand(dagh). APP OINTMENTS AND PROMOTION OF MANSABDARS- Every view for a mansab had to provide a surely(zama) and this rule was extremely rigorously enforced. It appears that bankers or money lenders of standing were accepted as sureties by the administration. The mansabdar recuirement and promotion was gradually viewed as atedious job,especially when gaining a surety.It was specially needed that soldiers should be capable and worthy. A record of every sawar was kept and the horses were branded. They invited the king to impact their soldiers. The procedure for the concord of promotions to mansabdars was similar to the procedure for the grant of the initial mansab. The recommendation for promotion was normally made by princes,commanders under whom. Gallantry in millitary service and merit occupied a pride place, at the oher end of the scale stood the promotions disposed(p) on acknowledgement of a handsome present or peshkash from a noble.Promotion was also generally though not invariably, given w hen an officer was fixed to really deserve a superior post. In every cases, the ranks of mansabdars being increased. The mansabdears appointed during the reigns of the Mughal Emperors shows that some groups were more favoured category were the sons and close kinsmen of persons who were already in service. This group was called Khanazad. The rulers of autonomous principalities formed yet another group which received prefential treatment in rank and promotion. MAINTENANCE OF TROOPS AND PAYMENTS-Mansabdars were asked to present their contingnents for mending inspection and physical verification. All the horses presented for inspection by a particular noble were branded with a specific pattern to secernate these from those of other nobles through a real(dagh). It was a special procedure. The physical description of troops(chehra) was also recorded. The scale of salary was fixed for the zat rank but one rank had no arithmetical or proportionate relationship with the other. Under Akbar zat rank above 5000 was given only to the princes. It is an integral part of Mughal administration.Jahangir started the system of Du-aspa and Sih- aspa. The wax sawar rank of mansabdar was made du-aspa and sih-aspa. For example- If a mansab held a mansab of 4000 zat 4000 sawar he may be granted huma do aspa sih aspa (all two- three horses) in this case the original sawar rank would be ignored,and the mansabdar will maintain double the number of du- ispa sih aspa, then it would mean that out of the original sawar rank of 4000, tha bawardi troopers will be only 2000 and the additional rank of 2000 du aspa sih aspa will double itself to 4000 ordinary troopers.Thus the total number of horsemen would be 6000. Generally, the sawar rank could not be higher than zat rank. Shah jahan gave the mansabdars the new pay scale, monthly ratio and framed new rules to assign the jagirs. He prepared the registers which containing the database of jagirs. The jagirs were not edtimated in rupee but in D ams. The estimate of the revenue in the jagir is called jama. It is always calculated trough almost the death of Akbar in bulls eye coins called Dam(48 dam equals 1 rupee). Therefore it was called Jama-dami.Moreland mainly focussed rank. He has distinguish between the two kinds of rank,the original mansab,which governed the personal allowances,was cognize as the zat rank and the additional men were designated by the word sawar. Double rank had to maintain two contingents-(a. )some horsemen paid out of his personal salary , and (b. )some extra or additional horsemen paid from the allowance provided for this purpose. During Aurangzebs time the high class mansabdari increased in number and there were lack of jagirs to be given to them.The kings and his ministers put a check on the recruitment of new mansabdars. barely due to changed circumtances,the recruitment could not be stopped. The result was that the system loopy after Aurangzeb and came to an end. It was noticed that the ac tual revenue hookup (hasil) always vicious short of the estimated income. In such a situation,the mansabdars salaries were fixed by a method called month-scales. For examples-If a jagir yielded only half of the jama, it was called shashmaha(six monthly). If it yielded only one quarter , it was considered sihmaha(three monthly).The monthly scale was applied to cash salaries also. The largest deductions were from the Deccans,who had to pay a quaternate part(chauthsi). There were other deductions known as khurak dawwah belonging to the Emperor. THE SYSTEM OF ESCHEAT-Especially, those of the European travellers,refer to the practice wherby the Emperor took possession of the wealth of the nobles after their death. The practice is known as escheat(zabt). The reason was that the nobles often took loan from the state which remained unpaid till their death.It was duty of the khan saman to take over the nobles property and adjust the state demand,after which the rest of the property was g iven to the heirs or sometimes distributed by the Emperor among the heirs himself without any regard for the Islamic Inheritance laws. In 1666,Aurangzeb issued a farman that after the death of a noble without heirs his property would be deposited in the state treasury. It seems that is most cases it depended on the power of the Emperor. THE EVOLUTION OF MANSABDARI SYSTEM-The Mansabdar came from all castes such as-Mughal,Pathans,Rajputs.Humayun did not continue this system. The first stage starts from 1556 and this stage remains more or less stagnent for the last ten years. i. e. from the accession of Akbar till 1566-67 in which there is practically no rule of the mansab. The second stage starts from 1567 in the lead when an attempt was made to fix up the size of the contingent according to the salary of the mansabdar and on the basis of the collection of the revenue of the jagir assigned to him. The 3rd stage which is the most fundamental one starts from 1573-74 when a mansabdar was given a certain number.The last stage which finalised or formalized the mansabdari system came in 1595-96. This suggest that the mansabdari system has finally around 1595-96,it is not a fulminant one , it has developed through long period of experiment in which there was a struggle between the crown and nobility. But by 1595-96 the struggle was over. COMPOSITION OF MANSABDARS-The Mansabdars, in practice considered heredity as an important factor. It appears that the khanzads (house-born,descendants of mansabdar) had the first claim. place of a total number of 575 mansabdars holding the rank of 1000 and above during the reign of Aurangzeb,the khanzads numbered about 272. Apart from the khanzads , a number of mansabdars were recruited from the zamindars. Out of 575 mansabdars in 1707,therewere 81 zamindars. The mughals also welcomed Persian. Chagatai,Uzbeks as well as the Deccanis in the mansabdari. CONCLUSION- Mansabdari was the main institution of the Mughal Empire,which embrac ed both civil and military sectors of administration. Mansabdars and their large forces were used to expand the empire and administer if effectively.It is true that mansabdars had been role player in the development of mughal states,became they had compailed mughal emperor to think about new challenges. There diplomatic policy regarding horsemen and other job had given new challenges to the emperor. Especially ,Akbar had been pay of mansab system. In his reign of 11th year Moreland and Abdul Aziz had studied a serve thats why their contribution is corregiable. On the basis of Ain-i-Akbari as a quisar,had not supported it. According to him zat and sawar had been enforced in 1573-74. And Irfan Habib had supported it.Again,Shireen Moosvi has not supported it due to muntqab-ubd-qabai(badauni) and Ikbal nama-e-jahangir(mutmid khan). According to Abul fazl mansab was related to mansabdar . As a quisar has written about this in the regime of 18th years. That system was dagh systemwas co llection of animals and a chart was prepared for itAbul fazl said. Khurake philas(fooder of elephants) and irmas were system by which salary was deducted in order to by fooder and horses. The salaries and obligation of maintaining troops were governed by a expressed set of rules which underwent changes from time to time.For revenue purposes,all the land was divided into two main types-The Jagir and Khalisa. The number of mansabdars rose from 2069 at the time of Jahangirs accession in 1605 to 8000 in 1637 Shahjahans reign and to 11,546 during the latter half of the Aurangzebs reign. REFERENCES- 1. The Evolution of the Mansab agreement under Akbar until 1596-7-SHIREEN MOOSVI. 2. Rank Mansab in the Mogul State Service-W. H. MORELAND. 3. gallant India(1526-1761)-SATISH CHANDRA. 4. Medieval India(750-1540)-HARISHCHANDRA VERMA.

My favourite book «Pride and prejudice» Jane Austen Essay

I like see very much. Books atomic number 18 the history and tastes of distributively era. Some of them hopelessly missed its charm, others are relevant and are read with interest today. Every generator wanted to write for ages, but could he or no it turns prohibited in subsequent generations. I can say that I be heatd all kinds of books. I have a tidy sum of them, they are different, somewhat imaginative, other fantastic. reserve of wo populace, beggar and completely free in its poverty, in its irony, in the strength of her character Is there something embody to such dress? Prejudice of woman, almost incapable to kick, to believe in the sincerity of handss feel and stop thinking about it. This romance Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen. Book, without which there wouldnt be psychological novel or feminist literature or simply elite prose as such Pride and Prejudice is a novel of manners by Jane Austen, first published in 1813. The story follows the main character Elizabeth white avens as she deals with issues of manners, upbringing, morality, education, and marriage in the society of the landed gentry of untimely 19th-century England.Elizabeth is the second of five daughters of a country gentleman. In the small township of Meryton that in the county of Hertfordshire, comes the sensational discussion one of the richest estates in the county Netherfield Park ordain not be empty it was rented by rich young man , aristocrat Mr. Bingley . To all of his accomplishments was adding another one, the most significant , truly valuable Mr. Bingley was a bachelor . And minds of young ladies were darkened and confused by this news for a long time, Mrs. Bennet (mother) in particular. However, Mr. Bingley arrives not alone he is accompanied by sisters and inseparable friend Mr. Darcy. Bingley is naive, trusting, opened for communication, without snobbery and fast to love everyone. Darcy completely opposite of him proud, arrogant, closed, full of ex clusiveness of belonging to a select society. Relationship developing between Bingley Jane and Darcy Elizabeth is quite appropriate to their nature. Bingley and Jane.They are riddled with clarity and directness, and both are guileless and trustful (which pull up stakes be the basis on which arises a mutual feeling , and so the cause of their separation , and then it willbring them together once again .) Elizabeth and Darcy would be quite different the attraction repulsion, sympathy and evenly plain mutual dislike, those Pride and Prejudice that will bring them a lot of suffering and mental anguish, through which they will painfully seek each other approval. Their first meetings immediately designated mutual interest, curiosity. Both are equally outstanding Elizabeth is very different from other ladies the acuity of mind, independence and judgments, and Darcy education, manners, retiring arrogance. Originally, the arrogance of Darcy, his snobbery that underlines his behavi or, which are Elizabeth and dislikes, and even reave.Their pride draws them together, but the bias of Darcy can only repel Elizabeth. Their rare meetings on the balls and in the upkeep rooms its always a verbal duel. Duel of equal opponents always courteous, never going beyond the bounds of decency and social conventions. Darcys soul encompasses the feeling of love, with which he opposes. But unable to resist, he state his love Elizabeth. The scene of his explanation is one of the strongest scenes in the novel. His confession mixed with bitterness, declaring love, he says, that he was not supposed to love. Surprising that Darcy gets refusal, moreover, Elizabeth accuses him of wrongful deeds. recitation this book, I wondered what attracted proud aristocrat a country girl? Naturalness, consonance of her soul. Maybe he hasnt met such good ladies.And Elizabeth overcome her prejudice, when she met Darcy in his estate of Pemberley . There she found a new Darcy, about whom servants rundle like he is the best man in the world. Because of the society, he vomit on a mask of a proud aristocrat, and only the love to Elizabeth helped him to take it off. This novel belongs to my favorite works. For me, it became a kind of standard. Purity and refinement of style, brightness and liveliness features, understanding of psychic life, personality, clarity of composition, especially the speech of each character, all this combination creates an unusually coherent harmonious picture. interpret this amazing novel, I look inside myself and learn to read the patrol wagon and check the sense by mind.

Nutrition

Perhaps youre looking to boost your physical performance or maybe you destiny to drop a a few(prenominal) extra pounds. What if you dependable want to learn how to give wellnessier? When youre In need of living advice, who should you invert too? A registered tattletale? A victualsitian? Whos the able nutritionary professional? (Dont forget to look up) Through issue this presentation, Ill be discussing the speech communication In the expose reasons why It should It should be modulate In Arizona, and stir It has to the macrocosm. . This fag end be a confusing topic for the exoteric.Arent dietitians and dieticians the name subject? NO Although often utilize interchangeably, registered dietitian is non like with nutritionist. nutritionist is non a profession onlyy regulated term? on that point be no tokenish faculty member or teach qualifications which authority that anyone washstand use the title nutritionist and give nutrition advice, scour If they h old in absolutely no background In nutrition In the present of Arizona . In contrast, registered tattletale Is a professionally regulated term. The registered tattletale credential Is earned by completing a stripped of a four-year nutrition degree In an the Statesn DieteticAssociation accredited political program a minimum of 1200 hours of supervised practice experience in dietetics, and the booming qualifying of the nationally administered board exam. In addition, the registered dietitian is required to puzzle it off 75 hours of approved continuing instruction credits every basketball team days to maintain their registration. This is because as a dietitian you need to mystify on top of the game, and nonice whats going on. However, if youre looking to work with someone unceasingly do background data, and if thieve with an accredited program thats base complete erudition and not the latest fad. Currently some, but not all enunciates pass on licensee to nutrition professionals, Limiting the use of a deducticular title, such(prenominal) as tattletale, to those meeting certain academic and training requirements few tell a let outs authorisation that only licensed nutritionary professionals can provide nutritional counseling. It come alongs press outic that at that place atomic number 18 licenses regulating the practice of over coke professionals from manicurist and barber to mortician, soon enough, in galore(postnominal) secerns anyone can call them self a nutritionist and give out nutrition advice. You should also be sensitive that documentation is not the same as censure. Next slide with state map) why stoolnt states such Eke Arizona licensed dietitians in the past? Unfortunately, the resilient associate between nutrition and health has only recently received the assistance it deserves. In addition, science has proven that nutrition plays an important part in the pr steadytion and tr run throughment of many serious comp laints. Dietitians argon at a time more recognized as healthc are professionals because of their educational background and experience. This Is Indicated by the detail that since 1984, 41 states experience passed laws recognizing as nutrition experts. But In Arizona, there Is no statue.If I want to call myself a nutritionist today, I can. And a major concern of categorical nutrition misinformation. Their nutritional claims can be without scientific support, and it can authorize to misinterpretation of nutrition science as substantial in a way depress their unstated work that theyve put into the explore. Such misinformation can be used to evoke viands faddish, quackery, (Quackery is the promotion of unproven or fraudulent medical examination practices. ) health fraud, and can negatively involve the health and economic billet of consumers. Which lead me to How has the habitual been harmed by Arizona not accessing dietitians.With the explosion of have-to doe with in healthy eating and nutrition, consumers read been faced with a dizzying place of products and information. The popular deserves to know that the information being given by experts is establish on science and is being given by separates with assign education and experience. This is detailly true of individuals who pretend medical conditions, which could be adversely change by improper nutrition counseling. Several states strike documented cases of incompetent individuals give improper nutritional advice, which has harmed patients.Unfortunately, many cases of healthcare fraud are neer reported. A Congressional study on Quackery tell that state offices on aging ranked healthcare fraud (quackery) for the branch time as the area of abuse of most concern and with the greatest impact on seniors. The report also acknowledged that the great majority of cases are never reported. Misinformed consumers are placing themselves at major nutritional and health risks by not only dela ying appropriate, effective healthcare but replacing it with products, procedures or behaviors that are, at best, ineffective, and at worst wounding to their health.In addition many of the products and service promoted by clumsy nutrition consultants such like in the gym consideration and can expensive. And this may cause excessive financial result to the consumer. And again, un suffice nutrition consultants often use testimonials and un published or false query to support their claims, while as registered dietitians use evidenced-based practice that is back up by data published in peer-reviewed scientific Journals.And that leads us to a spacious concern with Nutrition experts thrive in the athletic battlefield yet few of these self-proclaimed experts would qualify as such eased on academic training and professional practice. While few athletes would consider victorious forcefulness training or fitness advice from a dietitian, many excite no problem taking nutrition adv ice from a strength coach, individualised flight simulator or equally unqualified individual. BUYER BEWARE flat if the information handed isnt free, the consumer would be wise to evaluate the information The rootage ? is it from a qualified nutrition professional (I. . , registered dietitian) or one that lacks appropriate qualifications (I. E. , a nutritionist, private trainer, strength coach, etc. ) The Content ? s it liable? You should explore to determine if the information is supported by scientific research published in peer- reviewed scientific Journals. If the answer to either or both of these questions is no, thus your health and sports performance pull up stakes likely take a hit. In conclusion, 1. Why should dietitians and nutritionists be licensed?Licensing of dietitians and nutritionists protects the public health by establishing minimum educational and experience criteria for those individuals who hold themselves out to be experts in feed and nutrition. The sta te has an covenant to protect the health and safety of the public and licensing of dietitians and nutritionists is uniform with this obligation. We swallow the ability and responsibility to urge consumers and lawmakers to learn near the exacting role nutrition plays in healthy tonestyles and in disease attention and treatment.For both individuals and society, the benefits of eating veracious and exercising include better qualities of life and lower health-care costs. Your activism is extremely important to the success of our national and state order of business and there are numerous ways to get involved. go along out and contact our state and federal representatives Write your legislator a earn delight your legislator a fax Send your legislator a direct electronic mail chat an elected official directly And also educate some others by dissemination the word or so important issues Like on media sources, such as faceable and twitter.Possible Questions from Short Answ ers Gotten from http//www. Deteriorate. Org/images/stories/documents/licensee/ Licensee_Full_Backgrounder_2011 . PDF 5. Would licensee prohi snap anyone except dietitians from giving nutritional advice? no. Licensee would not affect anyone that simply describes the nutritional value of products nor would it affect other latherer professionals. It would, however, provide recourse for victims of unqualified and unscrupulous individuals dispensing improper advice. 6. Arent too many professions and occupations already licensed by states?It is the obligation of state legislatures to determine which professions and occupations should be licensed. A compelling case can be made for licensee of dietitians and nutritionists as healthcare professionals. 7. Isnt licensee an feat to monopolize the nutrition industry? No. The first obligation of registered dietitians and nutritionists is to serve the public, not sell rodents or services. Licensee is necessary because the public deserves to kn ow which individuals look at the educational background and experience to give nutritional advice.The health intellectual nourishment and dietary supplement industry is booming, even in states that have had licensee for many years. The key issue in licensee is accountability. The monopolizing argument is a heroical attempt to obscure the real issues of licensee. 8. Will licensing reduce contest or result in costlier services? No. Once again, licensee is not an attempt to control any market. Licensee allows the public to now which individuals are qualified by education and experience to provide nutritional services.If unqualified individuals pass on harmful nutrition information, licensee allows the state to take action on behalf of the public against those unqualified individuals. Competition among open and honest individuals with the publics health and safety frontmost in their minds exit continue to grow and the Wont licensee cost the state a smokestack of money? No. Fees will provide most of the revenue. many a(prenominal) states have approved legislation or rules to make licensee revenue neutral. Amendment X, U. S. organization The inscription in the Constitution, of certain well(p)s, shall not be construed to deny or revile others retained by the people. Notice and Declaration of 9th Amendment Rights l, the undersigned, hereby tell the hobby graphic and God-given justlys, as harbourd to the people, under the 9th Amendment to the Constitution of the united States of America and which rights I reserve as follows I reserve the right to strain or ask nutritional advice, counsel, information, recommendations, assessments, evaluations, tests and/or treatment(s), regimen(s), or modality(s) from the nutritionist(s) or deposit of my choice for any health reason or repose.I reserve the right to select or reject any individual(s) as my personal nutritionist(s) whether that individual be a Medical Doctor, Herbalist, Chiropractor, Health Food par entage Clerk, Druggist, Nurse, sales rep of health products, Naturopath, Naturopath, Radiologist, Colon Therapist, Priest, Pastor, Indian Medicine Man, Relative, Friend, Dietitian or anyone from the ecumenical citizenry who has, or has not, any known formal training or claimed knowledge, education, insights, or qualifications to be my nutritionist.I reserve the right to Freedom of woof in Medicine in its most liberal construction including the right to take my own diet obtain, purchase and use any treatment, therapy, regimen, modality, herb, drug, food, medicate or health product for any health condition I have or may have as evaluated by myself, the doctor, nutritionist, or therapist of my choice. Citation Dietitian vs. Nutritionist . (n. D. ). Dietitian vs. Nutritionist .NutritionWhen paid close attention to my diet, it be adopts obvious very quickly that I do not get enough calcium in my diet. I am slightly low in other area, such as my Vitamin A and cast-iron, but I am dr astically low in my breathing in of calcium. The problem is that I truly dont like milk. I will drink chocolate milk on occasion and will eat some milk-based products including ice cream, yogurt and cheeses, but I do not eat enough of these to get my recommended daily allowance of calcium.My use of crops is just about right, though it can be a import on the mellowed side when I choose to drink juice instead of eating whole fruits. I prefer fruit juice as a method of consuming fruits largely because it is simple and quick. Grabbing a glass of juice on the way out of the house in the sunup is my favorite form of breakfast. The problem is that most juices also come with more sugar and calories than the raw firm fruit. I have refractory to substitute fresh fruit for my fruit juice as a way to minimize my calorie intact and increase my type aspiration.My fiber content is generally pretty high-priced because I prefer whole grains to white grains, white rice and potatoes. Some days by intake of grains is low because I choose to eat more salads and vegetables, but on other days it can be within the normal range. On average, it is a little on the low side, but not so bad that I hypothesize I need to change it. I consume plenty of lean protein, mostly in the form of chicken, so I have not had any problems with my cholesterol or boilersuit furthermost intake.However, because I consume red meat rarely and do not eat enough dark green vegetables, the amount of iron I consume on a regular basis is not sufficient. I am not willing to eat liver or many other high iron foods, so I had to go searching for new options for iron intake. What I discovered were blow prickly-seeded spinach and broccoli. I will eat baby spinach as part of a salad and broccoli is one of the few vegetables that I truly enjoy. I was happy to discover that broccoli is also high in Vitamin A, other nutrient that I did not have enough of in my diet analysis.I was happy to discover that I pro bably dont need the multi-vitamin I have been taking except for the iron supplement. I might need the Vitamin A as well, but otherwise, I seem to be meeting my basic health needs for minerals and vitamins. I think it is very important to change my iron and Vitamin A intake as both are imperative for blood health and I have recently been told that I might be borderline anemic.Since I have previously had to take iron pills and found them disgusting and nauseating, I have obdurate it is important to add iron to my diet in a natural manner. I have changed my lunch menu to include baby spinach salads and added broccoli to several meals per week. I have also decided to add additional red meat to my diet until my iron levels are acceptable. Vitamin A is also an antioxidant, helping to cleanse the luggage compartment from cancer-causing chemicals and other contaminents. This is other advantage of adding more broccoli to my diet. Broccoli is also very high in Vitamin A which is an added bonus.These changes have worked fairly well so far and I have not noticed any real loss in my expertness levels, but the doctor did say that returning my iron levels to normal would take some time. What I have noticed is that I am enjoying my meals more. They take slightly longer to prepared, but instead of thrown and twisted together meals on the run, I am actually thinking about what I eat and when. Knowing that I am eating better makes me feel better about myself, regardless of whether it effects my overall energy level. In addition, I believe it means that I will lastly see the results on the scale and I know that I will see it in my next blood tests.Now that I have made these changes, my next goals are to eliminate more of the processed food from my diet, substitute whole fruits for juice, and try portion control. Generally, I have not under consumed anything except vegetables and milk and have regularly over consumes fruits, grains and even proteins, depending on the day. S ome days I would have too lots of one, some days another.My plan is to actually cook more of my food myself, instead of relying on drive-thrus or grab-n-go food options. By choosing fewer canned foods and more fresh fruits and vegetables, I will cut my intake of extra fats and sodium and retain more of the natural vitamins in the foods I eat.I have also decided that I will replace my fruit juice with whole fruit, even though fruit takes a bit more effort. Again, I will be losing unnecessary additives and retaining more of the natural nutrients of my food. To supplement this process, I will begin actually eating breakfast rather than drinking soda or juice as my morning meal. My initial intention is to use yogurt and cheese as staples of this meal to both increase my calcium intake and to provide a good protein base for the morning meal.The third major change I fate to make in my diet is in the form of portion control. I will be subdividing large packages when I buy them as a way t o keep from overeating various treats and will be standard my grains and proteins so that I can be assured that I am eating a healthy amount of these things, not several servings at one time. I believe this will be especially reclaimable with snack foods and cereal which are easy to not measure and eat too much of.I believe that taking these actions will in conclusion lead to wait loss as I teach my body to eat the proper amounts of nutrients and the proper amount of calories, rather than letting my proneness determine what I consume. I have also begun to shop healthier, defection potato chips and cookies in favor of cultivated carrots and walnuts as quick snacks. I have found that within just a week of making these changes, my longing for sugary and fatty snacks began to fade and I actually wanted to eat vegetables.The one thing that has been hard to resist has been ranch dressing for dipping the carrot sticks in, but I have begun to appreciate the inherent sweetness of carro ts and scratch myself reaching for them when I want something sweet. They also have a refreshing crunch that I formerly got from potato and feed chips.In short, I believe my diet was not particularly bad, but it had room for tweaking and improving. Now, I know that I am getting my recommended daily nutrients without having to take a vitamin supplement and I am enjoying my food more. Previously, I had grabbed food in front of the television or while walking out the approach and often did not pay attention to what I was consuming. Now, I am confident that I eat when I am hungry and I am teaching my body to appreciate more than just corn chips and soda.NutritionPerhaps youre looking to boost your physical performance or maybe you want to drop a few extra pounds. What if you Just want to learn how to eat healthier? When youre In need of nutrition advice, who should you turn too? A registered tattletale? A nutritionist? Whos the qualified nutritional professional? (Dont forget to loo k up) Throughout this presentation, Ill be discussing the terminology In the name reasons why It should It should be regulated In Arizona, and Impact It has to the public. . This can be a confusing topic for the public.Arent dietitians and nutritionists the name thing? NO Although often used interchangeably, registered dietitian is not synonymous with nutritionist. Nutritionist is not a professionally regulated term?there are no minimum academic or training qualifications which means that anyone can use the title nutritionist and give nutrition advice, even If they have absolutely no background In nutrition In the state of Arizona . In contrast, registered tattletale Is a professionally regulated term. The registered tattletale credential Is earned by completing a minimum of a four-year nutrition degree In an American DieteticAssociation accredited program a minimum of 1200 hours of supervised practice experience in dietetics, and the successful passage of the nationally administer ed board exam. In addition, the registered dietitian is required to complete 75 hours of approved continuing education credits every five years to maintain their registration. This is because as a dietitian you need to stay on top of the game, and know whats going on. However, if youre looking to work with someone always do background information, and if thieve with an accredited program thats based off science and not the latest fad. Currently some, but not all states provide licensee to nutrition professionals, Limiting the use of a particular title, such as tattletale, to those meeting certain academic and training requirements few states mandate that only licensed nutritional professionals can provide nutritional counseling. It seems ironic that there are licenses regulating the practice of over 100 professionals from manicurist and barber to mortician, yet, in many states anyone can call them self a nutritionist and give out nutrition advice. You should also be aware that certi fication is not the same as censure. Next slide with state map) Why havent states such Eke Arizona licensed dietitians in the past? Unfortunately, the vital link between nutrition and health has only recently received the attention it deserves. In addition, science has proven that nutrition plays an important part in the prevention and treatment of many serious diseases. Dietitians are now more recognized as healthcare professionals because of their educational background and experience. This Is Indicated by the fact that since 1984, 41 states have passed laws recognizing as nutrition experts. But In Arizona, there Is no statue.If I want to call myself a nutritionist today, I can. And a major concern of unqualified nutrition misinformation. Their nutritional claims can be without scientific support, and it can lead to misinterpretation of nutrition science as whole in a way discredit their hard work that theyve put into the research. Such misinformation can be used to fuel food fad dish, quackery, (Quackery is the promotion of unproven or fraudulent medical practices. ) health fraud, and can negatively impact the health and economic status of consumers. Which lead me to How has the public been harmed by Arizona not accessing dietitians.With the explosion of interest in healthy eating and nutrition, consumers have been faced with a dizzying array of products and information. The public deserves to know that the information being given by experts is based on science and is being given by individuals with appropriate education and experience. This is especially true of individuals who have medical conditions, which could be adversely affected by improper nutrition counseling. Several states have documented cases of unqualified individuals giving improper nutritional advice, which has harmed patients.Unfortunately, many cases of healthcare fraud are never reported. A Congressional study on Quackery noted that state offices on aging ranked healthcare fraud (quacker y) first as the area of abuse of most concern and with the greatest impact on seniors. The report also acknowledged that the great majority of cases are never reported. Misinformed consumers are placing themselves at major nutritional and health risks by not only delaying appropriate, effective healthcare but replacing it with products, procedures or behaviors that are, at best, ineffective, and at worst harmful to their health.In addition many of the products and services promoted by unqualified nutrition consultants such like in the gym setting and can expensive. And this may cause excessive financial burden to the consumer. And again, unqualified nutrition consultants often use testimonials and unpublished or fabricated research to support their claims, while as registered dietitians use evidenced-based practice that is supported by data published in peer-reviewed scientific Journals.And that leads us to a huge concern with Nutrition experts thrive in the athletic arena yet few o f these self-proclaimed experts would qualify as such eased on academic training and professional practice. While few athletes would consider taking strength training or fitness advice from a dietitian, many have no problem taking nutrition advice from a strength coach, personal trainer or equally unqualified individual. BUYER BEWARE Even if the information handed isnt free, the consumer would be wise to evaluate the information The Source ? is it from a qualified nutrition professional (I. . , registered dietitian) or one that lacks appropriate qualifications (I. E. , a nutritionist, personal trainer, strength coach, etc. ) The Content ? s it credible? You should seek to determine if the information is supported by scientific research published in peer- reviewed scientific Journals. If the answer to either or both of these questions is no, then your health and sports performance will likely take a hit. In conclusion, 1. Why should dietitians and nutritionists be licensed?Licensing of dietitians and nutritionists protects the public health by establishing minimum educational and experience criteria for those individuals who hold themselves out to be experts in food and nutrition. The state has an obligation to protect the health and safety of the public and licensing of dietitians and nutritionists is consistent with this obligation. We have the ability and responsibility to urge consumers and lawmakers to learn about the positive role nutrition plays in healthy lifestyles and in disease management and treatment.For both individuals and society, the benefits of eating right and exercising include improved qualities of life and lower health-care costs. Your activism is extremely important to the success of our national and state agenda and there are numerous ways to get involved. Reach out and contact our state and federal representatives Write your legislator a letter Send your legislator a fax Send your legislator a direct e-mail Call an elected official dir ectly And also educate others by spreading the word about important issues Like on media sources, such as faceable and twitter.Possible Questions from Short Answers Gotten from http//www. Deteriorate. Org/images/stories/documents/licensee/ Licensee_Full_Backgrounder_2011 . PDF 5. Would licensee prohibit anyone except dietitians from giving nutritional advice? No. Licensee would not affect anyone that simply describes the nutritional value of products nor would it affect other latherer professionals. It would, however, provide recourse for victims of unqualified and unscrupulous individuals dispensing improper advice. 6. Arent too many professions and occupations already licensed by states?It is the obligation of state legislatures to determine which professions and occupations should be licensed. A compelling case can be made for licensee of dietitians and nutritionists as healthcare professionals. 7. Isnt licensee an attempt to monopolize the nutrition industry? No. The first obl igation of registered dietitians and nutritionists is to serve the public, not sell rodents or services. Licensee is necessary because the public deserves to know which individuals have the educational background and experience to give nutritional advice.The health food and dietary supplement industry is booming, even in states that have had licensee for many years. The key issue in licensee is accountability. The monopolizing argument is a desperate attempt to obscure the real issues of licensee. 8. Will licensing reduce competition or result in costlier services? No. Once again, licensee is not an attempt to control any market. Licensee allows the public to now which individuals are qualified by education and experience to provide nutritional services.If unqualified individuals disseminate harmful nutrition information, licensee allows the state to take action on behalf of the public against those unqualified individuals. Competition among open and honest individuals with the publ ics health and safety foremost in their minds will continue to grow and the Wont licensee cost the state a lot of money? No. Fees will provide most of the revenue. Many states have approved legislation or rules to make licensee revenue neutral. Amendment X, U. S. Constitution The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. Notice and Declaration of 9th Amendment Rights l, the undersigned, hereby declare the following natural and God-given rights, as reserved to the people, under the 9th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America and which rights I reserve as follows I reserve the right to seek or ask nutritional advice, counsel, information, recommendations, assessments, evaluations, tests and/or treatment(s), regimen(s), or modality(s) from the nutritionist(s) or doctor of my choice for any health reason or repose.I reserve the right to select or reject any individual(s) as my pers onal nutritionist(s) whether that individual be a Medical Doctor, Herbalist, Chiropractor, Health Food Store Clerk, Druggist, Nurse, Salesperson of health products, Naturopath, Naturopath, Radiologist, Colon Therapist, Priest, Pastor, Indian Medicine Man, Relative, Friend, Dietitian or anyone from the general citizenry who has, or has not, any known formal training or claimed knowledge, education, insights, or qualifications to be my nutritionist.I reserve the right to Freedom of Choice in Medicine in its most liberal construction including the right to choose my own diet obtain, purchase and use any treatment, therapy, regimen, modality, herb, drug, food, medicine or health product for any health condition I have or may have as evaluated by myself, the doctor, nutritionist, or therapist of my choice. Citation Dietitian vs. Nutritionist . (n. D. ). Dietitian vs. Nutritionist .