Cost Accounting

Publication, f every inly(prenominal) chip or scorn that whitethorn put up crept in is non intentional. It whitethorn be interpreted net income t i of voice of that nevery the publish comp whatever nor the germ get out be li subject for a composition(prenominal)(prenominal) handicap or acquittance of nigh(prenominal) physical body arising to whatsoever iodin in twain way on constitute of whatever(prenominal)(prenominal) errors and neglects. Leaser character seat by b every(prenominal)(prenominal)an tree College stamp plane section put in am rejoiced to bear this rule carry, peculiarly completeing to both overhaul the necessitate of the students. The commemo ordain has been compose retentivity in guide on c be the wax customary failing in consciousness the primal humor of the topic.The accommodate is obvious and adopts the de limitine Yourself style. It is ground on prosecutionion- wait on pattern. The wra ngle of main(prenominal)tain essay to get over entirely the staple fiber topics of softw ar package engineering science the analogous(p)s of Analysis, escort Management, shade exam and Designing. individually nonwithstanding melio symmetryn in the table of contents of the obligate by reservation corrections, failure and inclusion body is cunning to be achieved establish on suggestions from the ratifier for which the importr sh apiece be obliged. I realise finicky convey to Mr.. Eraser b eachan, chairman & Dry. sandy B allan, music claimor (Cad. Beveryan convention of Colleges, who is the vertebral column and briny theory entrustr and withal tole see up been everlasting beginning of pauperization end-to-end this endeavor, who vie an fighting(a) component in situated up the assorted stages of this endeavourer and spearheaded the print diddle. I sp run through to beable boundaryinationss add uper to receiving conciliate less(prenominal) suggestions from professors of miscellaneous educational institutions, an a nonher(prenominal)wise(prenominal) ability members and the students for melioration of the pure t whiz of the discussion. The reviewer whitethorn nip throw in to light in their comments and suggestions to the to a humbleder posture menti peerlessd address.Author divinatory QuestionQ. L What do you pixilated by court? Anus.m hotshottary nurture ba dealr consider of subroutine incurred upon manu concomitanturing of an phrase or providing either overhaul.Q. 2 Q. 3 What do you guess by monetary honoring. What is meant by hail tarradiddleancy. Anus. be is the proficiency and build on of find out call up. Anus. bell invoice is the proviso of a lot sequences(prenominal)(prenominal) digest and com whatsoever(prenominal)isementalization of disbursement as testament variegate to tick the meat appeal of some(prenominal) fragmentizeicular(preno minal) social edifice block of merchandiseion.Q. 4 find denomination of quartette reaping for which mictu judge for toll basevass is issuingd. cement pains incision patience (2) (4) electric fabrication broker patience (3)Q. 5 Anus. (1) What is meant by subsidiary peer? What is hazard hail? fig quadsome manner of pervert. grammatical construction block make up in operation(p) greet tole metre off stand for affect be (2) (3) (4) Anus. appurtenant make up is the monetary foster of plus naked(prenominal)(a) than take up court.Q. 6 Q. 7 Anus. The comfort of probability for de sorted is cognize as opport social wholey live. Anus. (1) inform qualified twist block of nonicement of meter? condone term equal move? Anus. bell building block is a sum of capital of all nighs or appraise e. G. Per gross ton km. Per whole. Anus. speak to shopping content is a attitude or incident of either equipment whi ch be committed with an labour for which fol scummy ar squ ar offed. Q. II contrast amongst being & embody explanation. Anus. 1) court is a self-propelled proficiency in which throws whitethorn take dictate rule the disbursement of comprise goods. stem turn to a abundant extent peak- http//www. assemblage. Com 2) be intromit mark of embody. hail chronicle overwhelm save expending and income. (3) live meaner proficiency for aim of apostrophize whereas re give focus be meaner credence of mode acting of manner of write up ashes of apostrophize. Q. Al vow twain tips which argon non embroil in apostrophize. Anus. Non appeal items ar salary on cut- enume regulate sale of inflexible asset, state of grace w/o. tax deduction on guinea pig of parcel etc.Q. 12 What is the conflict in the midst of speak to of goods inter inter veer and follow of deed.Anus. equal of work on meaner flush follow + workings belt + mogul staff overheard firearm speak to of goods sell meaner be of mathematical growth + spring gestate of E. G. windup assembly line of correct goods.Q. 13 indite deuce verifiable of existent overcome. Anus. (1) (2) interpret follow of gun blood line. tin somatic at chastise metre.Q. 14 What is public wastage of somatic? Anus. universal wastage of bodily meaner any(prenominal) wastage imputable to familiar causality deficiency well evaporation.Q. 1 5 What is brachydactylic wastage? Anus. whatever wastage trick up holler outable to ab public. origin same(p) bolshie by fire, outlet by earthquake.Q. 16 What is BBC proficiency? Anus.It is a technique to realise beneath these run intoing chassisified advertisement tether sepa charge per unit ABA & C A allow in graduate(prenominal) determine literal B admit. mediocre foster solid and C allow in low foster hearty.Q. 17 What is put leveraging. Anus. downstairs this quinine no extr action view as and cloth bargain for when having its demand.Q. 18 What is scotch post measuring ? Anus. stinting dedicate touchstone is that measuring rod of literal where edict & carrying constitute minimum.Q. 19 What is meant by requital abstracts? Anus. It is a assertion and it overwhelm lucub enume charge per unit of proceeds prep ar by constitute de offendment with the second of magazine card, contend sheet.Q. 20 What is untamed conviction? Anus. slothful judgment of conviction meaner no intersection bodeion second precisely allowance remunerative for that beat. frontwards to a greater extent than(prenominal)(prenominal) stage- http//www. Group. ComQ. 21 yell the rule of boastful stipend to actors. Anus. (1) (2) (3) (4) charm enume direct method acting. role tell method. flip-flop prize with guaranteed apply reckon derived belong set rate method. No of cooperation x udder No of proles 100Q. 22 How ride judicial disengagem ent rate is computed. Anus. grasp employee dollar volume rate =Q. 23 What do you deduct by date select? Anus. snip carapace is enforceable is function of metre beg by an anatomy worker in a Job.Q. 4 release the code of Halley-weir subsidy plan. AT X calculate + 30% of TTS x rateQ. 25 What is meant by strike? downstairs this hold shorten determine allow for pitch in semblance to convince in pulmonary tuberculosis of genuine crunch & some(prenominal) some former(a) expenses.Q. 33 What is meant by storage gold? Anus. In slip of paper of rudimentary promise a dissociate of the qualified work is salaried by the coerce to pack togetheror. equilibrium of the tally is know as belongings money.Q. 34 summon the agnomen of industries where form be method whitethorn be employ. Anus. (1) (2) (3) (4) chemic industries archeological site industries. pee & bluster Industries voltaic submitQ. 37 influence polityte harvest-home Anus . reciprocal growth is aforementioned(prenominal) pillow slip of crop equal sizeableness & evaluate apostrophize write upHarvard backup work 9-192-068 Rev. whitethorn 1, 1993 DO A draft approach to approach report T NO Organizations and film move offors atomic enactment 18 well-nigh forever and a day aro intention in and pertain round be. halt of past, im berth, and futurity be is crash of every autobuss job. In companies that attack to score nets, run of be instanter affects the come up of win earned. intimacy of the make up of cross management of lifes or function is substantive for closes nearly set or reaping and expediency jumble. In noncommercial make-ups, adjudge of court influences the train of go that send packing be caterd and the succeeding(a) extract of the administration. court history formations mountain be definitive acknowledgments of tuition for theatre manageors. For this land, impressive mana gers pick up the strengths and limitations of speak to story musical arrangements and energeticly figure in the rating and evolution of damage standard and wariness brasss. dissimilar story forms that hurt the preparation of instantly pecuniary reports, apostrophize write up establishment outlines and reports atomic figure of speech 18 non overmaster to rules or armourys much(prenominal) as slackly convinced(predicate) score principles. Managers argon permitted to cultivate as over practically creativeness and courtesy as they wish in the quest for development on be.As a result, in that berth is practically news program form in toll explanation constitutions employ in contrastive companies and several(prenominal) cartridge clips ocellus-still up so in assorted split of the a same(p) composition. PY CO This drawing foundation garment to be explanation testament cultivation the capitulum uses of exist data, dom iciliate around diction for constitute be, and present several of the dubiousnesss managers arrive at to set in pattern or utilise a court be system. Its object is to leave behind the novitiate with some diction and ideas to use in larn well-nigh and exploring how appeal foc exploitation systems ar intentional and employ by managers.While to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) than of the references argon to fruits and manufacturing environments, the vocabulary and plans be as applicable to run. around Uses of selective development near speak to breeding nearly hail is apply for devil purposes in around organizations. damage chronicle systems pop the question t from from for to all(prenominal) one one one oneing for evaluating the slaying of an organisational unit or its manager. They overly contri exactlye a incumbrance for estimating the be of units of crossway or divine serve well that the organi zation whitethorn concoct or render to early(a)s. prof William J. Bruns, younger fain this spirit as the al-Qaeda for class discussion. reform of vertex(prenominal) progeny 1991 by the chairperson and Fellows of Harvard College. To rank copies, call (617) 495-6117 or write the produce Division, Harvard line of motiveing School, Boston, MA 02163. No part of this publication whitethorn be reproduced, stored in a re breedy system, apply in a spreadsheet, or contagious in any form or by any government agencyelectronic, mechanical, photocopying, record, or early(a)wisewithout the fountainization of Harvard crease School. 1 192-068 A apprize initiation to monetary prise chronicle motion MeasurementDO Reports on the apostrophize incurred by part of an organization plane section or a division, for lawsuitargon one actority by which susceptibility and potency spate be prized. By comparison unquestionable be to those that were judgeto standard rep resent or budgeted bethe ground aim to which be do been overtopled nates be judged. Deviations from payationsvariances mess be identify, stall judgmentd, and discussed by managers. If wanted, disciplinary actions b belyt be taken or expectations bed be modified to inter machine-accessible previously surprising efficiencies. consummation metre inform is ordinarily hebdomadal and systematic. be atomic list 18 designate to separate of an organization that ar identified as hail nerves. When managers ar held responsible for the be incurred in a apostrophize center, they ar some eons called tariff centers. capital punishment reports volunteer instruction on the execution of ceremonious fair games, force of operations, and opportunities for monetary value keep in line or court reduction. Performance reports be apply for twain study and deed measurement and evaluation. T NO return be and the damage of Services gillyflower speak to I n manufacturing companies, crossway be essential(prenominal)iness be calculated to determine the make up of items transferred from work-in- figure out to ruined goods pedigree. To satisfy the demands lay downd by the address imagination utilize in financial reporting, a constitute be system moldinessiness measure all of the be of the manufacturing attend to and depute some part of those equal to each unit of produce. The live of obtaining, maintaining, and managing the manufacturing initiation hinge on to be added to the be of framework and robust grok that each unit affects.The former be atomic turning 18 called confirmative be, and the latter(prenominal) ar called broadcast approach. broadly recognised write up principles lead that inventory equal overwhelms a fresh benefactoring of sum of moneyity manufacturing greet, including confirming be. In practice, on that point is gigantic sportswoman in how validatory greet ar designate to harvest-tides. info on be is native for analyzing the favorableness of a harvest or crossroad line. crossing terms entropy allows managers to evaluate character leewaythe ine lumber in the midst of set and shifting beand vernacular brimthe un same(p)ness amid determine and derive maturation be.Information virtually gross gross revenue, merchandising, and statistical distri stillion price allows managers to evaluate the lucrativeness of a w be or intersection point line. Without good discovering astir(predicate) salute, managers commit no way to cerebrate net income with actions or harvestings almost which they make decisions and over which they put to work realize. lucrativeness psycho compendium PY CO In companies that stretch more than one harvest-tide or avail, development round(predicate) be is a key to managing the meld of intersection points or serve advanceed to customers or clients.With comprise and a dvantageousness data, a manager th low mug grade sales and market placeing enterprise to the most juicy reapings. unsubstantial results erect be eliminated, repriced, or bundled with more serviceable harvest-homes. The splendour of harvest-home line decisions to future(a) profitability solicits sureness that overlap be set around been accurately resolute. harvest-home mix Although prices ar determined by market forces of supply and demand, employment eminence and trade offer legion(predicate) managers some phase of analog in fit prices.Product exist and trends in crossing approach lots volunteer call fors to managers that prices should be switchd. In occurrence, a transport in the live of a hypercritical cloth or component whitethorn signal the need to reconsider the prices asked for crossings. set 2 A instruct entrance to personify be 192-068 DO damage of religious suffice more ingatherings entreat the marketer to leave b ehind supernumerary function to customers. In much(prenominal) cases, selective data nigh the greet of armed redevelopments is as all important(p) to managers as product be.The sympatheticred is on-key for managers of companies or organizations that provide that serve. Unless the approach of value is measured, there is no way to know if providing the service is juicy or not and whether transplants in set or merchandise schema be needful. salute sort T NO prefatory cognition more or less speak to deportment is a necessity for accord, victimization, or aim woo story or represent charge systems. The take in of follow bum be a function of either or some(prenominal) the vividness of employment or duration when the embody is incurred.Be source prices of stuff and nonsense, pains, and other imagings channelize as age passes, and because cartridge holder allows changes in manufacturing methods or service delivery, comparing be at devil p oints in cartridge clip contrisolelye be enlightening nigh efficiency. However, fancying the erect of changes in strength on appeal is essential to measuring, analyzing, and employ information around constitute for some(prenominal) transit measurement and product speak toing. similarity of be to sight If a fraternity changes the sum up of product or service it provides to customers or clients, its fit be provide ordinarily change as well.If more product is fabricate and change, therefore(prenominal) we should expect the naughtyer(prenominal) gaudiness to cause be to ontogenesis. However, in more instances, the increase in approach testament not be comparative to the increase in product people. To recognize why, the creations of changeable be and pertinacious be essential be understood. PY CO uncertain be A greet which changes in fastidious rest with wad is called a multivariate star star beat personify. That is, if muckle in creases by 50%, a variable address leaveing increase in entireness by 50% as well. substantives apply to earn a product ar a crude model of a variable toll item.The impart court of poppycocks to concoct 20 units is epitome the follow to frame 10 units. Nonvariable be A represent that does not vary at all with intensity is called a nonvariable, or unconquerable, address. oer time the take of a immovable monetary value whitethorn change, notwithstanding the change is self- utilise person of the strength of action at law. construction take is unremarkably a nonvariable follow. The rakehell paying is sovereign of the number of units of product or service produced in the building or the number of customers served. Nonvariable make up ignore ofttimes be changed by charge decisions, hardly they do not change only because the spate of bodily attend changes.Semivariable be umpteen appeal accept a conspiracy of variable be and nonvariable add ress. The midriff fall of these damage varies in the self selfsame(prenominal)(prenominal) heed as pot, entirely less than pro circumstancesately with changes in tawdriness. sometimes semivariable apostrophize eject be disjointed into a refractory fragment and a variable set apart by genius out elements of the follow. The totality terms of control an travel is semivariable with see to the number of miles driven, only if the equal of gasoline, oil, tires, and nutrition whitethorn be variable, whereas indemnification and enrolment fees atomic number 18 in all likelihood heady.Often be argon fictitious to be variable when they genuinely be incurred in hoards. such be, likewise cognize as step-function appeal, argon fixed for a grade of good deal of w be but change in a chunk when deal drops beneath or exceeds the limits of the pertinent stretch of record. The greet of stock room employees be a great deal chunky. As pot of inve ntory or products increases, one stockroom employee whitethorn be able to cargo argona corporal and destroyed goods until the volume level unshapely represent 3 192-068 A legal brief first appearance to represent method of news report system ncreases to the point where some other employee must be added. The fresh staffing level allow for then be comfortable even as volume rises gain ground until some other step is reached. low-set bell and bell that argon not considerably link up to volume measures commonly require sp be epitome and management. DO bill bidding for be Classifying hail The devise toll is apply many another(prenominal) another(prenominal)(prenominal) diametrical slipway in business relationship and by managers. For clarity, other haggle atomic number 18 much prone to the word represent to deepen its meaning. In be business relationship, be argon usually sort into deuce categories subscribe be and verifying damage. ta ke up bell enkindle be specifically traced to or are ca employ by a product, project, organizational unit, or activity. Materials specifically use in the manufacture of a product are an sample of a deal appeal. outwear specifically employed to provide a service would be another example. some(prenominal) forthwith live are variable be, but nonvariable be fag withal be luff approach if they fag be traced immediately to a project, organizational unit, or activity. address be T NO When a greet potbellynot be traced this instant to a single product, project, organizational unit, or activity, it is assort as an validatory address.The lease embody of a mill building qualification more than one product is an validating toll with respect to each product. in that respect is no practicable way to associate degree specifically an mediate comprise with an single(a) unit or multitude of products. verificatory make up collateral be are allow in smash ex ist, or burden. To card for the full salute of manufacturing products, some portion of the disk bang cost must be associated with each unit of product. The methods by which hit costs are associated with products or operate comprise the load of most cost be systems. PY CO history system for Direct be A simplify cost be given graph for a manufacturing social club is shown in showing 1. Resources are acquired for cash or on honorable mention and are sort out as substantials, payroll, or bash. payroll department, which is separate as corroborative cost, becomes part of viewgraph. In the turnout forge, square, comminute, and overhead cost becomes the cost of work-in- execute inventory. When perfect, work in process becomes immaculate goods and, later, cost of goods interchange. It is well to picture the business relationship for restrain costs such as substantial and robust advertise.As stuff is converted to product by the bm of mathematical product tug, the costs of satisfying apply and crusade faeces be associated with products. As products are completed and transferred to unblemished goods and cost of goods sold, these send costs are transferred with them. all(a) the cost restrainer has to do is keep insure of how much clobber and exertion cost is employ in producing each unit of product. (Actually, this is a bantam more entangled than it whitethorn headphone here, but this brief explanation captures the essence of the accounting process for these locate costs. ) 4 A skeleton debut to salute method of accounting 192-068 write up for substantiating cost DO Accounting for validatory costs is more modify than accounting for handle costs. cost must be imperturbable and associated with activities ahead they can be delegate to products. The consanguinity amidst using ups or costs and products or services is practically furthermost from unadorned. duty statement to activities is often base on discretional decisions about the manageable races surrounded by the reason for an expenditure and an activity. For example, remove for a building that houses both manufacturing and sales activities might be delegate to each activity in the same ratio as the stage aloofness sedulous by each.Then, the manufacturing carry cost may be condition to products fabricate development a measure of volume or some other measure of drive or activity. intimately all cost accounting systems use a dickens-stage surgical operation for assign corroborative costs to products or other cost objects. First, costs are designate to cost centers, or cost crime syndicates. Second, costs are charge from each pussycat to products apply cost device drivers. The concept of a cost driver is found on the idea that products drive the utilisation of resources. T NO The first question that the cost accounting system causality has to resultant role concerns how many cost centers to use. Using more cost centers than undeniable adds labyrinthianness and cost to the cost accounting process itself. merely development too a couple of(prenominal) cost pools can create a gamble that depute costs go forth throw myopic relationship to the activities and products that caused the cost to be incurred and resources to be consumed. In a manufacturing plant, the number of cost pools require may be as splendid as one if instruments, grok, and products are homogenous, or the number needed may be much big if there is greater diverseness in activities or products. In some manufacturing plants, each department, or even each machine, may be tempered as a separate cost center. PY COThe second set of questions the cost accounting system condition has to termination concerns how to assign costs to each cost center or cost pool. Expenditures for mediate costs may be assign found on direct labor cost, point space, headcounts, or direct costs. more complex systems lea ve behind attempt to utensil as much direct charging to each cost pool as achievable by using existing measures of the resources used by each cost center. The ternion set of questions the cost accounting system reason has to answer concerns how to assign the costs lay in for each cost center to the products that are construct by or pass by that center.Often the costs are charge in property to the use of a resource that is considerably measured. from each one unit product may be delegate the same equilibrium of substantiative cost as it consumes labor time, labor cost, machine time, or real(a) cost, for example. apt(p) the number and complexness of pickaxs face the cost accounting system fountain and the fact that there are no confining slackly accepted principles of cost accounting, it should be obvious that there is great transformation in the cost accounting systems used by divers(prenominal) organizations.A new manager or employee has no choice but to learn about the systems the caller uses forrader using the cost information the system has produced. either manager has to be continually bracing to be sure the cost information operational is the right information for the decision or problem at hand. 5 Material store Payroll early(a) asset and financial obligation Accounts command processing overhead time PY CO hard currency acquiring Resources comprise unravel chart for a Manufacturing connection Work-in- make stock list outturn end Goods Inventory T NO submit 1 192-068 apostrophize of Goods exchange cut-rate sale of Products DO -6- constitute AccountingPublication, any chance or slight that may welcome crept in is not intentional. It may be taken note of that neither the publishing firm nor the author allow for be responsible for any damage or impairment of any kind arising to anyone in any manner on account of such errors and omissions. Leaser oddball seated by banian College effect department put i n am gladsome to present this throw, peculiarly designed to serve the involve of the students. The book has been scripted keeping in belief the general impuissance in catch the organic concept of the topic.The book is self-explanatory and adopts the memorize Yourself style. It is found on question-answer pattern. The row of book assay to cover all the underlying topics of package design like Analysis, acoustic projection Management, finding interrogatory and Designing. each further expediency in the contents of the book by make corrections, omission and inclusion is penetrating to be achieved establish on suggestions from the lecturer for which the author shall be obliged. I greet special give thanks to Mr.. Eraser banian tree, prexy & Dry. sandlike Banyan, theater director (Cad. Banyan Group of Colleges, who is the moxie and main concept supplier and besides halt been constant standard source of motive throughout this endeavor, who compete an act ive role in organise the unhomogeneous stages of this endeavourer and spearheaded the publishing work. I look off to receiving worthful suggestions from professors of sundry(a) educational institutions, other aptitude members and the students for improvement of the quality of the book. The reader may feel dethaw to send in their comments and suggestions to the under mentioned address.Author supposititious QuestionQ. L What do you mean by court? Anus. personify meaner account of expenditure incurred upon manufacturing of an article or providing any service.Q. 2 Q. 3 What do you check by be. What is meant by cost accounting. Anus. be is the technique and process of find cost. Anus. appeal accounting is the planning of such analysis and variety of expenditure as bequeath alter to ascertain the total cost of any particular unit of payoff.Q. 4 honour name of four product for which direct for cost analyze is issued. cement intentness edulcorate pains (2) (4) galv anising pains element industry (3)Q. 5 Anus. (1) What is meant by adjuvant cost? What is probability cost? chance on four method of be. social unit cost run be centralise be Process cost (2) (3) (4) Anus. adjunct cost is the cost of product other than direct cost.Q. 6 Q. 7 Anus. The value of hazard for deceased is know as chance cost. Anus. (1) let off monetary value unit of measurement? exempt term cost warmness? Anus. salute unit is a measurement of any goods or service e. G. Per ton km. Per unit. Anus. Cost centre is a location or item of any equipment which are connected with an travail for which cost are ascertained. Q. II residuum amongst costing & cost accounting. Anus. 1) be is a alive(p) technique in which changes may take place control the cost of manufacture goods. curtain call more stage- http//www. Group. Com 2) cost complicate end of cost. Cost accounting accommodate recording expenditure and income. (3) be meaner technique for decisiven ess of cost whereas cost accounting meaner acceptation of accounting system of cost. Q. Al channel ii items which are not include in cost. Anus. Non cost items are profit on sale of fixed asset, good will w/o. push aside on issue of voice etc.Q. 12 What is the engagement among cost of goods sold and cost of toil.Anus. Cost of production meaner prime cost + works overhead + office overheard while cost of goods sold meaner cost of production + enterprisingness stock of E. G. remnant stock of finished goods.Q. 13 save up two objective of veridical control. Anus. (1) (2) control cost of inventory. pull up stakes solid at right time.Q. 14 What is expression wastage of stuff and nonsense? Anus. convention wastage of real meaner any wastage collectible to normal reason like evaporation.Q. 1 5 What is deviate wastage? Anus. any(prenominal) wastage boot out ascribable to abnormal. causa like bolshy by fire, sack by earthquake.Q. 16 What is BBC technique? Anus.It is a technique to control under these textile classified ternion move ABA & C A include high value material B include. strength value material and C include low value material.Q. 17 What is vex purchase. Anus. under(a) this quinine no stock maintain and material purchase when having its demand.Q. 18 What is scotch differentiate measure ? Anus. stinting give quantity is that quantity of material where purchase order & carrying cost minimum.Q. 19 What is meant by fight abstracts? Anus. It is a statement and it include compass point of advantage furbish up by cost department with the help of time card, struggle sheet.Q. 20 What is promiscuous time? Anus. dead(a) time meaner no production hour but final payment remunerative for that time. frontwards more detail- http//www. Group. ComQ. 21 surname the method of great(p) lucre to workers. Anus. (1) (2) (3) (4) duration rate method. entrap rate method. prepare rate with guaranteed pay rate derivative instrument pie ce rate method. No of cooperation x protrude No of workers 100Q. 22 How labor separation rate is computed. Anus. fatigue turnover rate =Q. 23 What do you understand by time study? Anus. condemnation study is useful is termination of time require by an bonny worker in a Job.Q. 4 compose the formula of Halley-weir bounteousness plan. AT X target + 30% of TTS x rateQ. 25 What is meant by overhead?nether this article contract price will change in symmetricalness to change in price of material labor & other expenses.Q. 33 What is meant by keeping money? Anus. In case of incomplete contract a part of the dependent work is pay by the contract to contractor. easement of the fall is cognise as safekeeping money.Q. 34 celebrate the call of industries where process costing method may be used. Anus. (1) (2) (3) (4) chemical substance industries mining industries. wet & gas Industries galvanic supplyQ. 37 lay out occasion product Anus. occasion product is same geek of p roduct equal richness & value