Bureaucratic Management Theory Essay Example for Free

Bureaucratic Management Theory Essaywebers theory of bureaucratic circumspection has two of the essence(p) elements. First, it entails structuring an face into a hierarchy. Secondly, the organization and its members ar governed by clearly defined rational-legal decision-making rules. Each element helps an organization to achieve its goals. An organizational hierarchy is the arrangement of the organization by level of authority in fictitious character to the levels above and below it.For example, a debility-president of marketing is below the companys president, at the same level as the companys vice president of sales, and above the supervisor of the companys social media department. Each level answers to the level above it with the ultimate draw of the organization at the top. The easiest way to understand the term rational-legal decision making rules is to think of it as a set of explicit and objective policies and procedures that governs how an organization functions.E xamples of rational-legal decision-making rules complicate human resources rules and policies or the regulations governing who is entitled to unemployment insurance. Bureaucracies are all around us this form of organization, which is comprised of non-elected officials who implement rules, is not only common in the state-supported sphere of influence but in the business world as well. Examples of bureaucracies in the globe sector include the Social Security Administration, Environmental Protection Agency and public universities.Among the oldest bureaucratic structures in the country is the unite States Military. In the private sector, most large business firms have a bureaucratic organization. Examples of private sector firms with a bureaucratic structure include IBM, GM and the Union Pacific Railroad. Knowing how bureaucratic management works can lead to a better understanding of how government agencies and large business firms pass it can assist you in interacting with comp lex organizations, whether it be seeking social security benefits or working for a large corporation.Max Weber Max Weber. Published in the US before 1923 and public domain in the US. Max Weber Father of Modern Organizational Theory One of the most important thinkers in modern organizational theory, Max Weber (1864-1920), is the father of the bureaucratic management theory. Weber was a German sociologist and political economist that viewed bureaucracy in a positive light, believing it to be more rational and efficient than its historical predecessors.

Effectiveness and Impact of Virtual Teams Essay Example for Free

Effectiveness and mend of Virtual police squads EssayTechnology is consistently evolving and disturbing many institutions worldwide. It has changed many aspects in the workplace, including work styles, communication, and squadwork. Communication has been alter into the ways of the practical(prenominal) world, directly affecting classify dynamics.Organizations often form police squad ups of employees to serve a human body of purposes and reach goals in a more effective manner than in underage work. teams use to work purely with opposite interactions, but with growing technology, virtual teams have been created and are used fairly often. A virtual team is any team whose member interactions are mediated by time, distance, and technology.The core feature of speech is not the technology, but that the team works together on a task while physically separated. Group members can communicate through e-mail, voice mail, video conferencing, electronic bulletin boards, and intr anets. (Levi, 2007, p. 258) Many explore studies have been done to assess the effectiveness of virtual teams, examining the irrefutable and negative aspects.This literature review is aimed to break down several articles where researchers have explored many components of virtual teams and their wallop. Vroman and Kovacich (2002) wrote an article that analyzed the interactions of a virtual interdisciplinary team. They apologize computer-mediated communication (CMC) to be the basis of virtual teams, which they then compare to opposite teams.They examined the Interdisciplinary Training for health Care for Rural Areas (ITHCRA) project, which is a team comprised of many different types of health professionals (e.g. clinical psychologist, nurse practitioner, nutritionist, etc.) The teams ultimate goal was to develop an interdisciplinary health care curriculum, solely using CMC. ITHCRA functioned the selfsame(prenominal) as any other team working together would, and faced the same ch allenges and developmental care fores (forming, storming, norming, performing, and transforming).They to boot had to learn the ways of the new communication technology, which was an obstacle for many of the group members. The developmental act upon of the virtual team was similar to that of a face-to-face team, however, a egress of differences were found.The forming phase was verytypical for team development. Team building and norm development took precedent of the project tasks initially. They had met face-to-face once, and after looking at their communication after this occurred, it was obvious they had formed social consanguinitys and were more committed.This raised the question what would have happened if the face-to-face meeting did not take place? It whitethorn have been more effective to have twain groups in this study so comparisons could be made (e.g. one group solely virtual, the other group allowed 1-3 face-to-face meetings). It is hard to determine whether genuine aspects of team development would have taken place without the probability to see their team members in a more in the flesh(predicate) way.Storming took place as well, which is when teams face certain conflicts. There were no apparent differences for this development in the virtual team. Norming, performing, and transforming phases of development all contributed to the teams success and helped them complete their tasks and reach their goals.Vroman and Kovacich (2002) provided a good analysis of ITHCRA and the ways in which it was successful and where the members were challenged. They portray virtual teams as being more convenient, effective, and less time consuming when completing tasks. However, it allows for less personal contact and can be more difficult for some to communicate and fulfill the expectations of the group project.It may have been more effective to have ITHCRA communicate solely through CMC and compare them to a team with the same tasks and goals, but who communi cated through a combination of CMC and face-to-face meetings. More valid results would be affable to draw more accurate conclusions. It was interesting to use a interdisciplinary team, however, it may have acted as another variable besides CMC, which would then alter the results.Kirkman, Rosen, Tesluk, and Gibson (2004) conducted a research study on the impact of team empowerment on virtual team performance. Team empowerment is defined as increase task motivation that is due to team members collective, positive assessments of their organic lawal tasks (Kirkman Rosen, 2002).They examined team empowerment through the teams potency, meaningfulness, autonomy, and impact to determine its impact on process improvement and customer satisfaction. Kirkman et al. (2004) studied a service organization that utilized high technology and frequently formed virtual teams to complete the companys tasks and goals. apiece team member had different roles within the organization and was separated fro m eachother geographically. The researchers moderated the make of face-to-face meetings to examine the relationship between team empowerment and both process improvement and customer satisaction.Kirkman et al. (2004) used surveys, observation, a team empowerment measure they had created, and customer satisfaction and process improvement scorecards to test their hypotheses, which were that 1. Team empowerment will have a positive relation to virtual team process improvement, 2.Team empowerment will have a positive relation to virtual team customer satisfaction, and 3.The number of teams face-to-face meetings will alter the relationship between team empowerment and process improvement (the fewer face-to-face meetings the stronger the relationship), and 4. The number of teams face-to-face meetings will alter the relationship between team empowerment and customer satisfaction (the fewer face-to-face meetings the stronger the relationship).Their results indicated support for hypotheses one, two, and three, but did not support the fourth hypothesis. The researchers produced a well-designed study with significant, meaningful results that help contribute to the understanding of virtual teams.They operationally defined all of the terms and measures to provide an equal understanding for everyone. It seems that virtual teams have many positive characteristics that are more effective compared to the common face-to-face teams. With the rising technology, virtual teams may become the norm as researchers continue to understand their components and wire them for optimal success. Montoya-Weiss, Massey, and Song (2001) wrote an article on the findings of their research study.They examined the effects of temporal coordination on virtual teams supported by an asynchronous communication technology. They metrical the mechanism process structure to determine the relationship between conflict management behavior and virtual team performance.They measured conflict management individ ually for each team member through a questionnaire they created. They defined their dependent variable, virtual team performance, as the quality of the team rationale used to support the team decision.They examined the range, depth, and organization for each team decision. Lastly, they observed and analyzed all communication among the virtual team. Montoya-Weiss et al. (2001) had five hypotheses total, which were tested through statistical analysis. They predicted that for all conflict management behaviors, a positive interaction would result.

Aggressive in behaviour Essay Example for Free

Aggressive in behaviour EssayI will use this as my title for the purposes of planning. In 1998, 47% of effeminate prisoners had dependent children (Flynn, 199875). In 1999 this was estimated to be more like 55% based on those with children cardinal or under. With the female prison population numbering around 3,250, the number of women estimated to perk up young children is 1788 (Harris, 2000iv). So I feel it would be useful to try and locate around 10% of this number and accept for authority to interview and study their children. This figure would still mean a lot of work for the lookers and there would bespeak to be several as not all of those approached would give permission for the research to involve their children. As a result, I have determined that the best methods of research will be interviews and observations. The reason I have chosen these methodologies is because they be more informal, and when working with children, it is more apt(predicate) to yield resu lts than movementnaires. Questionnaires are disputable for younger children, who whitethorn be unable to write and face to face techniques are more likely to obtain information questionnaires are not always filled in or returned to the researchers (Bell, 1999130).The benefits of interviewing and observation veto the use of questionnaires, in voice because they take on a certain flexibility for the researcher to further canvas any new ideas which may become apparent (Br inducee, 1997406, 414). Observation is beneficial to the researcher because it can allow for additional details to be noted which the child might be unable or nonvoluntary to express. Interviews permit a degree of familiarity between the researcher and the subject, and in turn may present prospect to further discuss any floors which the researcher feel are relevant.In questioning children, the ethics are complex. Permission to interview the child has to be obtained, and it might be unclear from whom it shoul d be procured. The British psychological Society in 1996 set down a code of ethics and conduct in which it was stipulated that if the research affects someone not able to give valid consent, i.e. a child under the age of eighteen, thence it needs to be obtained from whomever has legal authority to give it (Lindsay, 200014-15).The first people deemed to be those with parental province are the natural parents. Exceptions to this include a commissionr who has a resident order under the 1989 Children Act, anyone holding a temporary emergency protection order or the local authority if the child is in care (Masson, 200037). If the mother is in prison, as is necessary for his research, obtaining information regarding their children might be a contentious point. It will involve the co-operation of the prison management in addition to the parents, children, and the childs place of education.There being only sixteen prisons in England and Wales which house female prisoners (Flynn, 199857), I feel it would be easier to gain the information from a women-only memorial tablet as the administration may be more familiar with the inmates and perhaps will be in a position to assist the research. This would require request the prison to identify those prisoners with children, which I believe is a detail which would perhaps already be on a database. If this is not the deterrent example, it would then involve asking the women in the prison to come forward.This would undoubtedly cause difficulties, as they may not wish to do so, perhaps through disinterest in the research or an unwillingness to be set part from the others as a result of it. Women who have been separated from their children, for whatever reason, may be emotional as a result, and therefore sensitivity is an absolute necessity. The disruption to the prison is in any case something which needs to be taken into consideration, butmost prisoners find it a welcome change to talk to outsiders(King, 2000303).Once women with children between the ages of twain and seventeen years have been identified and approached, their permission to interview their children must be obtained. Authorisation should also be secured from the person caring for the child away from the prison, as it is actually ethically wrong to ask permission for such things from the parent not currently the full-time carer (Masson, 200038). I do not neck the ethics on continuing on the sole permission of the carer rather than the mother. This is the only clear factor of getting access to the information required, as it would be too difficult to poll schools for the information. They would not be able to divulge the data on the children without parental permission anyway. If permission is not given by the mother or the carer, the child will not be contacted in any way. It might be interesting, however, to ask why the parents did not want to take part.Once permission has been gained, the next step is to solve where would be best for the child to hold the interviews. The parents may have suggestions themselves, as they may prefer to have the interview conducted in their presence. This is something which will have to be taken into consideration in the conduct of the project, as it may have a bearing on the behaviour of the child. The presence of a parent, teacher or carer may influence the way the child acts, albeit perhaps indirectly, so affecting their responses to the questions. It would undoubtedly be break off to interview all the children under the same conditions, but this might not be possible so it would be advisable to be prepared to be flexible. The best place would be somewhere soggy to the child perhaps a local community centre, preferably interviewing the child twice once with a parent, carer or teacher in the room, then once without them there.I believe this might show a variance in the childs attitude and behaviour towards the researcher and their questions, as they will have an audience to h earten to when someone they know well is in the room. It is essential, however, to interview the child in a setting in which they are comfortable. If the parents feel it would be best to interview at their home, then places such as the tend or even the stairs may provide a sense of security for the child (Masson, 200043). differently another place to carry out an interview might be the childs school. If the child is hostile to their school-life however, this may introduce elements of bias into their interview compared to other children who may have been interviewed at home or at a community centre.The practicality of eliciting reliable information from a child (under eighteen years of age), is a point which quickly becomes clouded with other issues. The words of an adult may be too complex or the sentence structure poorly formed, so that a child become confused. This has been proven to be the case by several authors (Walker, 1994, Dockrell, Lewis Lindsay, 2000), and includes chil dren up to the age of eighteen. Minors, even those nearly eighteen, are not always proficient in language skills, and may have difficulty understanding the wording of questions or in formulating their own answers (Walker, 19944). There is a need to be sure of how a child is answering a question put to them, as they could be responding to a part of a question rather than the whole question.

Systems of Social Stratification Essay Example for Free

Systems of companionable social stratification EssayThe clique, the company and the colour- shun atomic number 18 among the administrations of social stratification. The main aim of this essay is to comp be and contrast these organizations as well as indicating their advantages and disadvantages to increment. The essay begins with defining the key terms which include comparing, tell and ontogenesis. It advertise goes on to define as well as explain social stratification itself, the caste, the class and the colour-bar corpses respectively. The essay further talks ab out(p) the advantages and disadvantages of these fructifyments of social stratification and how they affect suppuration. Lastly but non the least comes the refinement of the essay. The term comparing merchant ship be defined as the way of coming up or finding out the sympatheticities between two or more items. On the other hand, the term contrasting means finding out any(prenominal) differences betwe en two or more items. However, the term development refers to the act or process of bringing arrogant change or improvement. It excessively referred as a multi-dimensional improvement in large numbers well-being at all levels. Social stratification on the other hand is defined as a trunk of rules by which guild ranks categories of mess in a hierarchy.The caste is the schema in which pile atomic number 18 categorized in a dogged arrangement of strata from the most to the least privileged, with a persons position determined unalterably at birth. However, class system is a system of categorising flock which is base on individual achievement depending on their social and economic statuses. The colour-bar system on the other hand is the system in which select inequalities between people and they argon categorised on account of their skin colour or race (Giddens 2006).According to Joan Ferranti (1982), at that place are four fundamental principles of stratification firstly , Social stratification is a characteristic of rescript and not on the button due to individual differences. Secondly, Social stratification persists over propagations yet most societies allow virtually diverseness of social mobility or changes in peoples position. Social mobility whitethorn be upward, downward, or horizontal. This means that social mobility may increase, decrease or remain constant.Thirdly, Social stratification is universal but variable (it changes), and lastly Social stratification involves both inequality and beliefs. Furthermore, social stratification is a trait of society and not heavy(a)ly reflection of individual and it is universal, though it varies from society to society. Ferranti further indicated that Stratification is usually based on lead major(ip) premises Power which he set forth as the ability to impose wizs will on others, Prestige and set forth it as Horner attached to someone by others and Property which he described as forms of weal th.If a persons or groups respect is given to know whether that person or group possess or does not possess certain traits, because it will be able to predictable with reasonable accuracy how this person or group is probably to fare in the social hierarchy. He also defined Social Hierarchy as a set of ranked statuses and Social Inequality as some types of people systematically experience advantages in society while other types of people are systematically disadvantaged in the society.This determination is based on who is socially advantaged and who is included among the ranks of the socially disadvantaged and it is on certain characteristics that these individuals possess and how society determine or devalues these characteristics. Social stratification affects peoples lives and can be manifested in various ways in society (Ferranti 1982). As articulated in the above statements, social stratification is the system of classifying people in terms of gender, race, social-economic c onditions, and many other conditions that affect their lives.Social stratification is divided into six major systems, but this assay concentrate much on explaining triplet of them as listed above. According to Hindson, D (1987), the caste is a system in which groups are separated from distributively other on account of ghostlike rules of ritual purity. He indicated that this system has recently been practiced much in India and reflect on the Hindoo spiritual belief where the caste system is more than two thousand years old.According to the Hindu belief, there are four major types of castes The Brahmans mostly priests and scholars, the Kshatriyas warriors, rulers, and large landholders, the Vaishyas merchants, farmers, and skilled artisans, the Shudras do workers and unskilled artisans, However, there is an spare group called the untouchables Some clocks called untouchables, they are ranked so low that technically, they are outside the caste system itself. According to Krishna murti Badriraju (2001), the caste system has many advantages It helped in the preservation of culture because it was passed on from one generation to another.Preservation of purity because of its endogamous nature, it permitted marriage within the caste thus preserved purity for each caste. Division of labour caste system look atd each individual to do work overconfident for each caste. It promoted co-operation within caste to preserve their culture and protect it from degradation from other caste. Caste system was also responsible for protecting the society from alien cultures. Furthermore, the caste system promoted permanency and continuity such(prenominal) that each caste had a permanent constitution to guide its behaviour and action.The caste system also improved animated standards because each caste struggled solid to prosper. Badriraju did not only look at the positive side of the caste system but also looked at its negative side and came up with some disadvantages. The ca ste system was engraft to undemocratic. This means that it denied equal opportunity for advancement of people belong to incompatible castes. There was no mobility among the caste because each individual adopted the occupation prescribed for his/her caste. The caste system also prohibited physical contacts or communication between the Brahmin and the Sudra.Furthermore, the caste system is a class of idlers where Brahmins were well entrenched at the top of the social hierarchy and stopped devoting themselves to study, teaching and started living on alms provided by other castes. This made the low caste people to be oppressed regarding their place of living, movements and other activities and this was against the integrity of the nation. The caste system promoted secernment by the false sense of superiority and inferiority between the Brahmin and the Sudra.Class system is a form of social stratification in which society tends to divide into classes whose members energise unalike access to resources and power. An economic and cultural rift usually exists between disparate classes. In the early stages of class stratification, the majority of members in a given society engage similar access to wealth and power, with only noticeable members displaying more or less wealth than the rest. As time goes on, the large share of wealth and status can begin to concentrate around a demean-ranking number of populations.As the members of the community begin to spread out from one another economically, classes are created (Hawley, posterior Charles 2008). Karl Max saw classes as defined by peoples relationship to the means of production. According to him, the Capitalists (bourgeoisie) are people who own factories and other productive business and the proletariat are people who sell their productive labour to the capitalists. Marxs theory has been enormously influential and his work has been criticized for failing to recognize that a system of unequal ewards may be nece ssary to motivate people to perform their social roles effectively.According to Marxist theory in a class system, social stratification benefits the rich and powerful at the expense of the poor. Karl Marx also described two other classes, the petite bourgeoisie and the lumpenproletariat. The petite bourgeoisie is a small business class that does not accumulate enough profit as compared to the bourgeoisie, while the lumpenproletariat is a low life recess of the proletariat class which include beggars, prostitutes and many others (Gimbutas, Marija 1992).Unlike Karl Marx who defined social classes in terms of self-control of the means of production, Max Weber identified three distinct dimensions of stratification. He argued that social standing consists of three parts or dimensions class, which he regarded as determined mainly by economic standing or wealth party, which was equivalent to political power and status, or social prestige and honour. Following Webers lead, contemporary so ciologists a good deal use the broader concept of social-economic status to refer to a persons ranking along several social dimensions, in particular education, occupational prestige, and income.He added on by saying that people had different qualifications and skills on the basis of which they can be differentiated. Wright, E. O. (1997), found the class system to have both advantages and disadvantage It promoted group solidarity and co-operation between people belonging to the alike class, it promoted hard work among the lower class as they strived to be as those the higher(prenominal) class, it also promoted pride on ones success or achievement through hard working.For example, if a lawyer would be seen to the equivalent as a garbage man and get the same salary, he would feel inferior and think that his hard work was in vein as has the same income with someone who did not spend 18 years in school. On a negative part, wright found the class system to be undemocratic as it denie d equal opportunities for advancement of peoples belonging to different groups. Another system of social stratification is the colour-bar system (also known as the race system).Jeremy Seekings (2003) described it as a system which involves inequalities between groups of people by the colour or race of its people. chiefly these inequalities deal with the antagonistic action between the whites and black racial groups. The colour-bar is associated with the apartheid in South Africa where people were categorised in four groups on top of the hierarchy being the whites (Caucasians) followed by the coloureds, then the Asians (mongoroids) and lastly, the black (negroids). This system is also associated with discrimination and prejudice.Furthermore, the system is characterised by racial segregation where racial or ethnic groups last the same territory but do activities separately also termed as mix but not combine. Similarly to other systems, the colour-bar also promotes solidarity among g roups of the same race by the preservation of culture because it passed on from one generation to another. However, the colour-bar system was found to have more disadvantages than advantages because promoted racism, discrimination, prejudice, stereotyping, and ethnocentrism because people in the final stratum could feel to be more inferior.In comparing the three systems of social stratification, it would be found that they have some features in third estate at the same time they would be found to have some differences depending on how they occur or practiced. According to how scholars have been describing each of these systems, they all come to a common conclusion of classifying people into different categories, they share the same principles as well as dimension which are wealth, power and prestige.Although these systems share the same principles and dimensions, it is clear from their descriptions that they vary in the way they are practiced. The caste system is a system in whic h groups are separated from each other on account of religious rules of ritual purity, and the class system as articulated by Karl Marx is a system where people are assort on account of ownership and non-ownership of the means of production. Furthermore, it is a system where people are classified depending on their social and economic statuses.On the other hand, the colour-bar system as shown by Jeremy Seekings (2003), it is a system which involves inequalities between groups of people by the colour or race of its people. However, this clearly shows that although these systems of social stratification have some similarities, they are different in the actual way they occur. During the Conference on Race in Durban in 2001, Dalit participants made out a strong case that caste discrimination was not different from race discrimination and casteism was no different from racism United Nations 2001.The Indian Government rejected this equation, just as it rejected calling Indian forest dwel ling communities as indigenous peoples, though its own language of adivasi means exactly that. It has maintained that such classifications are not rigorous enough. The Indian government obviously has forgotten that it was the intervention of the Indian delegation in 1965 that forced the International Convention on the emptying of all forms of Racial Discrimination CERD to include the term descent as a factor.It has also been pointed out that in practice racial and caste discrimination coalesce be it exclusion, inequality, institutionalised prejudices or discrimination (Khan 2010). On the other hand, the colour-bar system is different from the class system in many ways the colour- bar is a closed system of social stratification whereas the class is rotate. This means that in the colour-bar system there is little or no interaction between people of different colour/race, but people of different classes are free to interact in the class system.Social mobility is restricted in the c olour-bar system, and open in the class system. Inequality is based on ones skin colour in the colour-bar system whereas in the class system, it is based on ones social and economic status. In the colour-bar system, the lowest race (blacks mostly) are denied development opportunities, whereas in the class system everyone is not block uped but qualified of developing his status. The colour-bar system does not allow marrying outside the race (it is endogamous), and this is what makes it similar to the caste system (John S 1983).John did not only look at the differences between these systems, but he also talked closely their similarities by outlining that they both have elements of slavery because in the colour-bar system, the whites exercise absolute control over blacks and in the class system, the owners of the bourgeoisie exercise absolute control over the proletariats. Little do these systems of social stratification contribute to development, Davis and Moore argued that the mos t difficult jobs in any society are the most necessary and require the highest reward and compensation to sufficiently motivate individuals to fill them.This promotes development as it makes people work hard (mostly academically) in order to acquire those positions. However, this argument has been criticised by many scholar as it only hire to the class system and not the caste and the colour-bar where one cannot change his race (the new york times 2005). Since development comes through hard work, these systems play a vital role in promoting development because those in lower class work hard in order to become like those in higher class.However, this development is limited to the class system because it does not occur at a broader level in the caste and the colour-bar systems but occurs within the particular caste or race. The reason is that no matter how much one succeeds in these two systems, he will remain a black, coloured or Sudra. This can hinder development because a Blackman will feel it is better to remain poor and being looked down by a Whiteman than to succeed while still being laughed at. However, this same applies to the caste system where a Harijan thinks that even if works hard he will not be as pure as the Brahmin.In summary, it would be concluded that these three systems of social stratification hinder development because they all involve inequalities between groups of people. For as long as these systems promote racism, discrimination, prejudice, stereotyping, and ethnocentrism, development cannot occur because people in the lowest category (such as the blacks, Sudra, harijan, the proletariats and lumpens) would feel to be more inferior and think that they cannot do anything where development is concerned.This outline can be interpreted in a range of ways as regards the positions in society concerning the classification of people. Looked at one way, almost the whole of society can be considered as a society of classes. For this reason, Karl Marx advocated the attainment of classless society after the workers overthrow the owners of the means of production from power of which it has not been attained even today.

In-band or out-of-band SAN appliances Essay Example for Free

In-band or out-of-band SAN appliances EssayOut-of band SAN appliances allow for independent flow of information between servers and storages since it does not function deep down the data path (InfoWorld, 2001). In addition, execution of management functions by these appliances is independent of coat servers, a mover which dictates for having host drives. This has the implication that the positioning of an out-band SAN appliance posses performance concerns in the system (InfoWorld, 2001).Another implication is that join on in the number of server in such a system complicates administration issues. Still, out-of band SAN appliances take on its meta-data and control operations separate from the data path. This coupled with the need for having a driver at severally host frees the host to engage only in transferring data to and from the storage. Nevertheless, this configuration has the advantage of caching due to the petition time delays involved in linking data path informat ion and the appliance for processing.On the other hand, in-band SAN appliances give a single device for executing all the basic storage management functions namely data path, control operations, and meta-data management (Kornfeld, 2001). This has the implication that no additional driver software is needed in the host. Also, this enhances scalability of the SAN system. However, this limits the application of in-band SAN appliances in a busy SAN since both meta-data and control operations share the same data path. scorn this, in-band SAN appliances enjoy the privilege of allowing for caching and clustering (InfoWorld, 2001). In addition, being a single device, in-band SAN appliances boast of low toll of implementation and ease of administration (Kornfeld, 2001). Therefore, both in-band and out-of-band SAN appliances have advantages as well as disadvantages. Considerations before excerption of a SAN appliance should thus be based on the needs in the particular organization.

Bilbo Baggins in “The Hobbit” Essay Example for Free

Bilbo Baggins in The Hobbit EssayFirstly, it is necessary to outline that Bilbo Baggins is the protagonist and title character of The Hobbit. He is the roughly important figure in the myth, because his emotions, feelings and actions shape the plot of the story. Bilbos appearance is rather original and even off funny as he is only half the size of a man. In the beginning of the novel Bilbo appears to be comfortable and complacent like most hobbits. For example, he likes drink, food and security as vigorous as he has his snug little hole at Bag End, Underhill. However, starting from the chapter 5, when Gandalf enlists Bilbos religious service in Thorins quest for the treasure under the mountain, Bilbo gradually changes, develops and transforms from a cautious stay-at-home to a confident and brave hero. With novel progression, Baggins displays inner cunning, force-out and, certainly, he becomes the dominant force which holds the crowd of hapless dwarves together. Bilbo gains their respect, because he saves them from the goblins by shouting for Gandalf and then he helps them to defeat the spider and wood elves in Mirkwood.He is respected for finding the way into the mountain and leading dwarfs to the desired treasure. Furthermore, Bilbo discovers the weak spot of Smaug and tries to hybridise Thorins greed. Simply saying, Bilbo wants to bring peace to the feuding dwarves, elves, and humans. Chapter 8 is the turning point in heros development, because Bilbo kills the spider and feels like a different person. Further, despite dwarfs stubbornness and inability to make right decisions, Bilbo develops his newfound qualities of initiative, courage, and heroism.It is necessary to underline that when other participants of the journey become corrupted with greediness, Baggins tries to maintain common spirit and courage. Throughout the novel, Bilbo discovers new capabilities unknown to him earlier. Moreover, he doesnt become arrogant and follows his principles a nd values. Bilbo learns how to thrive and how to draw strength from the simple source trying to stay true to himself all along. References Tolkien, J. , Gardner, P. (ed. ) Phllips, B. (ed. ). (2002). The Hobbit. New York, NY Spark Pub.

Discuss the role played by Mr. Morrison Essay Example for Free

Discuss the role played by Mr. Morrison EssayMr. Morrison symbolises the strength of Afro-Americans in the face of adversity. He is a source of courage and protection for the Logan family, acting almost as a guardian holy man when papa is not home. There is an air of myth surrounding Mr. Morrison, created by factors such as his stature, his dense voice and scarred features. This makes him an interesting and thus successful character for Mildred Taylor. When the children first meet Mr. Morrison, his description relates outright to Mildred Taylors imagery. The attention that she pays to the significance of manoeuvers as an emblem of strength, influences her description of the powerful Mr.Morrison The man was a human tree in height, towering high above papas six feet two inches. The long trunk of his massive ashes bulged with muscles The living strength and permanence of trees are a symbol of the strength which the black community draws from its history, impost and inheritan ce, and the roots which have been put down in their land. Thus, the description of Mr. Morrison is in keeping with such imagery. The time of Mr. Morrisons arrival assists Mildred Taylor in developing tension and suspense. He arrives on the scene in the wake of the intelligence operation of the attack on The Berry Family.Mr. Morrison, we learn, was wrongly accused of starting a fight and then sack from his job. This gives us an exemplar of institutionalised racism and also hints that there may well be much incidents and fights. The children immediately warm to him and are deeply fascinated by his giant-like appearance. Mr. Morrisons attributes make him immune to the physical threats by which the local whites terrorise the black community. This gives the children courage and inspiration. As a result he is a blueprint who earns Staceys respect. Stacey becomes much closer to Mr.Morrison after he makes it plain that he will not be insurance coverage the matter of the fight to with T. J to Staceys amaze. Indeed, such is Mr. Morrisons positive influence, that Stacey shows increased maturity by telling his mother about the fight himself. On their way back from shopping in Vicksburg, Papa, Stacey and Mr. Morrison are ambushed by the Wallaces. Mr. Morrison shows his horrible power by taking on three attackers and badly injuring two of them. In the following chapter he again demonstrates power and shrewd judgement too by lifting Kaleb Wallaces truck.This act is enough for him to avoid universe drawn into fighting whilst still standing up for himself. By checking the truck for a gun first, Mr. Morrison shows an estimable measured determination not to be bullied. Furthermore, Mr. Morrison is a vital calming influence upon the headstrong putz when the childrens uncle is seeking to avenge Cassies humiliation in strawberry. The image of Mr. Morrison sat watching on the porch for the nightmen is a actually powerful hotshot. To the Logans he is a guardian angel fi gure, who protects with great strength, yet is otherwise the perfect example of calm.In the stories he tells to the family we learn of an horrific past in which his family were murdered by racists. His scars symbolise the better power and capacity to endure that are characterstic of the persecuted black people. His voice like the roll of low holloa further emphasises Mr. Morrison as a key symbolic figure in the book, as this simile echoes the title. instal preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mildred Taylor section.